Nokea
The nurse is preparing to collect an ordered urine sample for urinalysis. The nurse should be aware that this test will include what assessment parameters? Select all that apply.
- A. Specific gravity of the patients urine
- B. Testing for the presence of glucose in the patients urine
- C. Microscopic examination of urine sediment for RBCs
- D. Microscopic examination of urine sediment for casts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Specific gravity of the patient's urine. Specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in urine, indicating the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine.
B: Testing for the presence of glucose is typically done to assess for diabetes, not a routine urinalysis.
C: Microscopic examination for RBCs is mainly done to detect presence of blood in urine, not a routine parameter.
D: Microscopic examination for casts is done to assess for kidney disease, not part of a routine urinalysis.
Therefore, specific gravity is the key parameter for urine concentration and kidney function, making it the correct choice.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following drug is a radical curative in plasmodium vivax malaria * and is used as prophylaxis for malaria at Chloroquine sensitive regions
- A. Quinine
- B. Primaquine
- C. Meoquine
- D. Chloroquine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primaquine. Primaquine is a radical curative drug for Plasmodium vivax malaria, as it targets the hypnozoite stage in the liver, preventing relapses. It is also used as prophylaxis in Chloroquine-sensitive regions due to its efficacy against P. vivax and P. ovale.
Rationale:
1. Quinine (A) is not a radical curative drug for P. vivax malaria. It is mainly used for treatment of acute malaria.
2. Meoquine (C) is not a radical curative drug for P. vivax malaria and is used more for prophylaxis in certain regions.
3. Chloroquine (D) is not a radical curative drug for P. vivax malaria and is primarily used for treatment and prevention of malaria caused by susceptible strains of Plasmodium species.
Which statement by a new nurse teaching a patient with cystitis requires intervention?
- A. You should always drink 1 to 3 liters of fluid every day.
- B. Empty your bladder regularly even if you do not feel the urge to urinate.
- C. Drinking cranberry juice daily may decrease bacteria in your bladder.
- D. It's OK to soak in the tub with bubble bath as it will keep you clean.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because soaking in a tub with bubble bath can exacerbate cystitis symptoms due to potential irritation from the bubble bath chemicals. This can worsen the patient's condition. A, B, and C are correct statements. A promotes proper hydration, B encourages regular emptying of the bladder to prevent bacterial growth, and C suggests a potential remedy for cystitis by consuming cranberry juice.
Which of the following cephalosporins has activity against gram negative anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, and the only cephalosporins that cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain?
- A. Ceftriaxone
- B. Cefoxitin
- C. Cephalexin
- D. Cefixime
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin known for broad-spectrum coverage.
2. It has excellent activity against gram-negative anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis.
3. It is also one of the cephalosporins that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
4. The other choices do not have the same anaerobic coverage or BBB penetration.
Summary:
- B: Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephalosporin with anaerobic coverage but does not cross the BBB.
- C: Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin with limited anaerobic activity and no BBB penetration.
- D: Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin with no anaerobic activity or BBB penetration.
Which of the following semisynthetic penicillins which has an extended * spectrum of activity against many gram negative bacilli, is acid resistant but not penicillinase resistant?:
- A. Cloxacillin
- B. Amoxicillin
- C. Phenoxymethyl penicillin
- D. Piperacillin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Piperacillin is a semisynthetic penicillin with extended spectrum against gram-negative bacilli.
Step 2: It is acid-resistant, meaning it can withstand acidic environments in the stomach.
Step 3: However, it is not penicillinase-resistant, making it susceptible to penicillinase enzymes.
Step 4: Cloxacillin (A) and Amoxicillin (B) are penicillinase-resistant but do not have extended gram-negative activity.
Step 5: Phenoxymethyl penicillin (C) is neither acid-resistant nor penicillinase-resistant.
In summary, Piperacillin is the correct choice due to its extended spectrum against gram-negative bacilli and acid resistance, despite not being penicillinase-resistant.
During an examination, the nurse would expect the cervical os of a woman who has never had children to appear:
- A. Stellate.
- B. Small and round.
- C. As a horizontal irregular slit.
- D. Everted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small and round. In a woman who has never had children, the cervical os is typically small and round due to the lack of previous childbirth stretching. This is considered normal and expected in nulliparous women.
A: Stellate - This is incorrect as a stellate appearance of the cervical os is more commonly associated with trauma or previous childbirth.
C: As a horizontal irregular slit - This is incorrect as an irregular slit appearance is more commonly seen in women who have had children.
D: Everted - This is incorrect as an everted cervical os is typically seen in conditions such as cervical ectropion or inflammation, not necessarily related to parity status.