Nokea
The nurse is providing a 20-year-old woman diagnosed with fibrocystic disease with education about her condition. Which information should be included? Select all that apply.
- A. Pain or tenderness is never present with fibrocystic disease.
- B. The cysts are thought to be hormone related.
- C. The cysts can be of any size, can feel like small lumps or grapes, and can be soft or firm.
- D. It is not a common finding in women between the ages of 30 and 50.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because pain or tenderness is not always present with fibrocystic disease. This information is important for the nurse to include when educating the patient. The other choices are incorrect because B is true - cysts are hormone-related, C describes the characteristics of fibrocystic disease, and D is false - fibrocystic disease is common in women between the ages of 30 and 50.
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How does HPV manifest in HIV-positive clients?
- A. Cough
- B. Condylomata lata
- C. Condylomata
- D. Chancre
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Condylomata. HPV manifests in HIV-positive clients through the development of genital warts known as condylomata acuminata. This is a common manifestation due to the weakened immune system in HIV-positive individuals. Condylomata lata (choice B) is associated with syphilis, not HPV. Cough (choice A) is not a typical manifestation of HPV in HIV-positive clients. Chancre (choice D) is a primary lesion seen in syphilis, not HPV.
Which infant is most likely to express Rh incompatibility?
- A. Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor.
- B. Infant who is Rh negative and a mother who is Rh negative.
- C. Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and heterozygous for the Rh factor.
- D. Infant who is Rh positive and a mother who is Rh positive.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive.
2. If the father is homozygous for Rh factor (AA), all offspring will be Rh-positive.
3. The Rh-positive offspring from an Rh-negative mother can lead to Rh incompatibility.
4. Therefore, the infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor is most likely to express Rh incompatibility.
Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect because both mother and infant are Rh-negative.
- Choice C is incorrect because the father being heterozygous for the Rh factor would not result in all offspring being Rh-positive.
- Choice D is incorrect as both mother and infant are Rh-positive, so there is no risk of Rh incompatibility.
A 20-year-old college student expresses concern over the recent appearance of genital warts, an assessment finding her primary care provider confirms as attributable to HPV infection. Which client education should be included?
- A. It's important to start treatment as soon as possible, so you will receive a prescription for pills today.
- B. There is a chance that the genital warts will clear up on their own without any treatment.
- C. I recommend receiving an HPV vaccination today.
- D. Unfortunately, this is going to greatly increase your chance of developing pelvic inflammatory disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: There is a chance that the genital warts will clear up on their own without any treatment.
Rationale:
1. Genital warts caused by HPV can sometimes resolve spontaneously without treatment.
2. This option emphasizes the possibility of self-resolution, which is a common occurrence.
3. Encouraging observation without immediate treatment aligns with current guidelines for managing HPV-related genital warts.
4. Avoiding unnecessary treatment helps prevent potential side effects and reduces healthcare costs.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Incorrect because immediate treatment is not always necessary for genital warts caused by HPV.
C: Incorrect because HPV vaccination does not treat existing HPV infections, including genital warts.
D: Incorrect because developing pelvic inflammatory disease is not directly related to the presence of genital warts caused by HPV.
A client who has been diagnosed with HIV develops an oral candida infection. When teaching the client, which instructions will the health care provider include?
- A. Rinse your mouth often with a commercial mouthwash.
- B. Include plenty of citrus juices in your diet.
- C. Select foods that are soft or pureed.
- D. Include hot soups and beverages with each meal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Select foods that are soft or pureed. This is because soft or pureed foods are easier to swallow and less likely to irritate the oral mucosa affected by the candida infection. Rinsing with a commercial mouthwash (choice A) may temporarily relieve symptoms but won't address the root cause. Citrus juices (choice B) can be irritating to the oral mucosa. Hot soups and beverages (choice D) can worsen the discomfort in the mouth. Overall, choosing soft or pureed foods will help alleviate discomfort and promote healing.
When the client is started on antiretroviral drugs for HIV, what will be important for the nurse to teach the client?
- A. This drug will cure the disease over a period of time.
- B. This drug will not cure the disease but could extend your life expectancy.
- C. This type of drug will be used prior to vaccines.
- D. This drug is readily available all over the world.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: This drug will not cure the disease but could extend your life expectancy. Antiretroviral drugs for HIV do not cure the disease but help manage it by reducing viral load and boosting immune function, extending life expectancy. Choice A is incorrect because currently, there is no cure for HIV. Choice C is incorrect as antiretroviral drugs are not used prior to vaccines but are used to treat HIV infection. Choice D is incorrect because the availability of antiretroviral drugs may vary worldwide.