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When bathing an infant, what sign does the nurse recognize as a sign of developmental hip dysplasia?
- A. Hypotonicity of the leg muscles
- B. One leg is shorter than the other
- C. Broadening and flattening of the buttocks
- D. Two skinfolds on the back of each thigh
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: One leg is shorter than the other. This is a key sign of developmental hip dysplasia in infants. It indicates an imbalance in the hip joint, leading to unequal leg lengths. This can be detected during routine physical examinations by the nurse.
Incorrect choices:
A: Hypotonicity of the leg muscles - While muscle tone abnormalities can be associated with hip dysplasia, it is not a specific sign that is easily recognizable during bathing.
C: Broadening and flattening of the buttocks - This may be a sign of hip dysplasia in older children but is not a typical indicator in infants.
D: Two skinfolds on the back of each thigh - Although skinfolds can sometimes be present in infants with hip dysplasia, it is not a reliable or specific sign compared to the leg length discrepancy.
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The nurse is counseling a client on dietary recommendations for dysmenorrhea. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the recommendations?
- A. I should adopt a vegan diet.
- B. I should avoid pretzels and potato chips.
- C. I should increase my intake of cranberry juice.
- D. I should avoid dairy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - I should avoid pretzels and potato chips.
Rationale:
1. Pretzels and potato chips are high in salt, which can contribute to bloating and water retention, exacerbating dysmenorrhea symptoms.
2. Avoiding these snacks can help regulate blood sugar levels and reduce inflammation, leading to improved menstrual discomfort.
3. Choosing healthier snack options like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can provide essential nutrients and support overall well-being.
Incorrect Choices:
A. Adopting a vegan diet may or may not directly impact dysmenorrhea symptoms, as it depends on the individual's specific dietary needs and nutrient intake.
C. Increasing cranberry juice intake is more commonly recommended for urinary tract infections, not specifically for dysmenorrhea.
D. Avoiding dairy is not a universal recommendation for dysmenorrhea, as dairy products can provide essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D that are beneficial for overall health.
The nurse has completed instructions on ways to improve the client’s symptoms related to her rectocele. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?
- A. Weight loss will decrease pressure on the pelvic floor.
- B. Increasing fiber and water in my diet will help prevent constipation.
- C. Heavy lifting will not affect my rectocele.
- D. Kegel exercises will help with pelvic floor strength.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because heavy lifting can worsen rectocele symptoms by putting strain on the pelvic floor muscles. A is correct because weight loss reduces pressure. B is correct because fiber and water prevent constipation. D is correct because Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor.
A 17-year-old client presents to the clinic with concerns that she has not begun menstruating. She states that she is a gymnast and has been competing since she was 9 years old. Based on this history, what does the nurse know the client is most likely experiencing?
- A. Secondary amenorrhea
- B. Polycystic ovary syndrome
- C. Primary amenorrhea
- D. Dysmenorrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Primary amenorrhea. A 17-year-old who has not started menstruating is experiencing primary amenorrhea. This is likely due to her intense physical activity as a gymnast, which can delay the onset of menstruation. Secondary amenorrhea (A) occurs when menstruation stops after it has already begun. Polycystic ovary syndrome (B) is characterized by hormonal imbalances and ovarian cysts, not delayed onset of menstruation. Dysmenorrhea (D) refers to painful menstruation, which is not the issue in this case.
The nurse is meeting with a client who was newly diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. She knows that the client has the potential for which diagnoses? Select all that apply.
- A. Knowledge deficit
- B. Disturbed body image
- C. Risk for type 2 diabetes
- D. Impaired mobility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impaired mobility. This is because polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to obesity and insulin resistance, which in turn can increase the risk of impaired mobility due to joint pain, reduced muscle strength, and overall decreased physical activity. The other choices are incorrect because A (Knowledge deficit) can be addressed through education, B (Disturbed body image) is more related to self-esteem and body perception issues, and C (Risk for type 2 diabetes) is a potential consequence of PCOS but not directly related to impaired mobility.
A male client is being seen by a physician at a community clinic regarding a painless ulcer on his penis. The provider will be communicating his diagnosis of syphilis and prescribing treatment. In the primary stage of syphilis, what is the time between infection and development of symptoms?
- A. 7 days
- B. 10 days
- C. 21 days
- D. 35 days
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 21 days. The primary stage of syphilis typically occurs around 21 days after infection when a painless ulcer, known as a chancre, appears at the site of infection. This is due to the multiplication of the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Choice A (7 days) is too short for the development of symptoms. Choice B (10 days) is also too short. Choice D (35 days) is too long for the primary stage of syphilis.