Current Issues in Maternal Newborn Nursing

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The nurse is providing education for disease prevention to the adult female patient. Which factor puts the patient at a higher risk for multisystem disease processes such as cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers?

  • A. Consuming two glasses of wine a week
  • B. Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day
  • C. Having a body mass index of over 32
  • D. Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day is a significant risk factor for multisystem disease processes due to the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases, gynecological issues, and various cancers.
Step 2: The nicotine and other toxins in cigarettes can damage the heart, blood vessels, reproductive organs, and increase the risk of developing different types of cancers.
Step 3: Choices A, C, and D are not as directly linked to multisystem disease processes as smoking. Consuming two glasses of wine a week may have some health benefits, a BMI over 32 is a risk factor but not as directly related to the mentioned diseases, and poor intake of calcium and vegetables may lead to deficiencies but not as significantly connected to the mentioned diseases.

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A nurse is teaching a client who is to start using a diaphragm for contraception. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I will leave the diaphragm in place for 4 hours following intercourse.
  • B. I will remove the diaphragm by catching the rim below the dome with my forefinger.
  • C. I will place a thin layer of mineral oil on the diaphragm once per week.
  • D. I will place 2 teaspoons of spermicide on the inside of the diaphragm before inserting it.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Spermicide should be applied before inserting the diaphragm to maximize contraceptive effectiveness.

The nurse would advise the patient to report what symptom immediately during a PD-1 (checkpoint inhibitor) infusion?

  • A. nausea
  • B. fatigue
  • C. dizziness
  • D. diarrhea
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: dizziness. Dizziness during a PD-1 infusion can indicate a potential serious adverse reaction, such as immune-related neurological toxicity. Prompt reporting is crucial to prevent complications. Nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea are common side effects of PD-1 inhibitors but are typically not considered immediate concerns for infusion reactions. Reporting dizziness ensures timely assessment and intervention to manage any severe adverse effects.

The nurse is writing an expected outcome for the nursing diagnosis—acute pain related to
tissue trauma, secondary to vaginal birth, as evidenced by patient stating pain of 8 on a scale
of 10. Which expected outcome is correctly stated for this problem?

  • A. Patient will state that pain is a 2 on a scale of 10.
  • B. Patient will have a reduction in pain after administration of the prescribed
  • C. Patient will state an absence of pain 1 hour after administration of the prescribed
  • D. Patient will state that pain is a 2 on a scale of 10, 1 hour after the administration of
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it reflects a specific, measurable, and realistic expected outcome for the nursing diagnosis of acute pain. It includes the patient's subjective pain rating (2 on a scale of 10) and a time frame (1 hour after administration of medication). This outcome is achievable and provides a clear target for evaluating the effectiveness of pain management.

Option A is incorrect as it does not specify a time frame or intervention. Option B is vague and lacks a measurable outcome. Option C is also vague and lacks a clear time frame for evaluation. Overall, option D is the best choice as it aligns with the SMART criteria for expected outcomes in nursing care planning.

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) support group.
One of the teaching points will include diet and weight loss to decrease hirsutism and acne. What
is the reasoning for this rationale?

  • A. Diet and exercise will promote weight loss, which will decrease
    hyperandrogenemia
  • B. Diet and exercise will decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes
  • C. Diet and exercise will decrease serum lipid levels and lower the risk for
    cardiovascular disease.
  • D. Diet and exercise will increase the frequency of ovulation and menstruation and
    increase fertility.
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: I see that there is a mistake in the question. There is no option "E" provided. Could you please provide the correct answer choice or clarify the question?

A nurse is caring for a patient who was just diagnosed with VVC. What treatment does the nurse expect to teach the patient about?

  • A. metronidazole (anti-protozoal)
  • B. penicillin G (antibiotic)
  • C. clotrimazole (antifungal)
  • D. ampicillin (antibiotic)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: clotrimazole (antifungal). VVC stands for vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is a fungal infection. Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat VVC by inhibiting the growth of the fungus. Metronidazole (choice A) is an anti-protozoal agent used for parasitic infections, not fungal infections. Penicillin G (choice B) and ampicillin (choice D) are both antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, not fungal infections like VVC. Therefore, the nurse would expect to teach the patient about using clotrimazole to treat VVC.

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