Nokea
The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client. Which of the following lab values should the nurse address immediately?
- A. Potassium 5.9 mmol/L
- B. Phosphorus 5.1 mg/dL
- C. Creatinine 6.2 mg/dL
- D. Sodium 147 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Potassium 5.9 mmol/L above 5.5 sparks hyperkalemia, risking arrhythmias, a now-or-never fix over phosphorus's mild bump (3.0-4.5 normal). Creatinine's renal cry waits; sodium's high but tolerable. Nurses jump on potassium, anticipating ECG or kayexalate, a heart-stopping lab in this urgent sweep.
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Cytomegalovirus causes:
- A. infantile bronchiolitis
- B. retinitis
- C. chronic
- D. neonatal encephalitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CMV retinitis blinds HIV, not bronchiolitis, vague chronic, brain hits, or Kaposi's herpes 8. Nurses eye this chronic sight thief.
The thickening of the glomerular basal membrane in an early stage of diabetes mellitus is a consequence of which mechanism?
- A. AGE deposition
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Inflammation
- D. All mechanisms mentioned above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early diabetic kidney AGEs glue GBM thick, not protein spill or inflammation yet. Nurses catch this, a chronic sugar scar.
Chemotherapeutic treatment of acute leukemia is done in four phases. Place these phases in the correct order.
- A. Maintenance
- B. Induction
- C. Intensification
- D. Consolidation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute leukemia's chemotherapy unfolds systematically: induction kicks off, aggressively killing leukemia cells to induce remission, a high-dose blitz. Intensification follows, targeting residual cells over months, relentless in early remission. Consolidation reinforces, eliminating lingering blasts post-remission, solidifying gains. Maintenance, with lower doses, sustains remission long-term, preventing relapse. This order induction, intensification, consolidation, maintenance mirrors the disease's need for initial eradication then sustained control, a structured approach nurses reinforce through patient education and monitoring, ensuring each phase's purpose aligns with leukemia's aggressive biology and treatment goals.
Which antibiotic is not recommended as first line therapy for the associated bug?
- A. legionella - erythromycin
- B. chlamydia psittaci - doxycycline
- C. chlamydia pneumoniae - doxycycline
- D. mycoplasma pneumoniae - roxithromycin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlamydia pneumoniae doxycycline's gold, not erythromycin, roxi, or others mispaired. Nurses tweak this chronic lung fix.
Which of the following types of cancers has a genetic predisposition to its occurrence?
- A. Lung
- B. Breast
- C. Cervix
- D. Testicles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast cancer's gene link BRCA flags it sets it apart; lung's smoke-driven, cervix HPV-tied, testicles less inherited. Nurses spot this heredity, a chronic risk trigger for screening, not just chance.