Nokea
The nurse outlines for a patient who has asthma attacks from pollen that the process from exposure to symptoms follows a systematic sequence. Which change is the last physiologic responses of an allergic asthma attack?
- A. Release of histamine
- B. Edema
- C. Vasodilation
- D. Activation of mast cells
- E. Bronchospasm
- F. Exposure to pollen
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The mast cells in the lungs are activated by the exposure to pollen. Histamine is released causing vasodilation, edema, and bronchospasm for the asthmatic.
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To provide an example of an active acquired immunity, the nurse uses the example of a person who has acquired immunity from measles because that person has had which occurrence in their lifetime?
- A. chickenpox and mumps.
- B. measles.
- C. an extremely healthy immune system.
- D. an inoculation against measles.
- E. maternal antibodies against measles.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Active or acquired or adaptive immunity occurs from having had disease or having had an immunization against that specific disease.
Which step is the third step in the sequence of a plasmapheresis procedure?
- A. Removal of whole blood in one arm
- B. Circulation of blood through cell separator
- C. Remainder of plasma returned through vein in opposite arm
- D. Separation of plasma and its cellular components
- E. Replacement of plasma with lactated Ringer
- F. Removal of undesirable components
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The whole blood is drawn out of one arm; circulated through a cell separator; plasma is separated with its cellular components; the undesirable components are removed; the remainder of plasma is returned through a vein in the opposite arm; and the lost plasma is replaced with lactated Ringer, normal saline, frozen plasma, or albumin.
The nurse outlines the functions of the immune system as those actions which have which function?
- A. prevent hemorrhage.
- B. protect the body's internal environment.
- C. maintain the hemoglobin level.
- D. maintain the homeostasis by removing damaged cells.
- E. prevent dangerous blood clots from forming.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: The three main functions of the immune system are to protect the body's internal environment by destroying antigens and pathogens, and maintenance of homeostasis by removing damaged cell.
Which disease results from one's own immune system attacking the body?
- A. Lupus erythematosus
- B. Scleroderma
- C. Polio
- D. Rheumatoid arthritis
- E. Thrombocytopenic purpura
- F. Osteoarthritis
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, myasthenia gravis, thrombocytopenic purpura, rheumatoid arthritis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome are treated with plasmapheresis.
For which purpose is plasmapheresis used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. To add corticosteroids to relieve pain.
- B. To remove pathologic substances present in the plasma.
- C. To remove waste products such as urea and albumin.
- D. To add antinuclear antibodies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasmapheresis is the removal of plasma-containing components causing or thought to cause disease.