Nokea
The nurse recommends to the busy parent of three young children that the antihistamine fexofenadine would be more beneficial than diphenhydramine because fexofenadine has which quality?
- A. is inexpensive.
- B. contains a stimulant for an energy boost.
- C. does not dry out the mucous membranes.
- D. does not induce drowsiness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allegra does not induce drowsiness as does Benadryl.
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The nurse outlines for a patient who has asthma attacks from pollen that the process from exposure to symptoms follows a systematic sequence. Which change is the last physiologic responses of an allergic asthma attack?
- A. Release of histamine
- B. Edema
- C. Vasodilation
- D. Activation of mast cells
- E. Bronchospasm
- F. Exposure to pollen
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The mast cells in the lungs are activated by the exposure to pollen. Histamine is released causing vasodilation, edema, and bronchospasm for the asthmatic.
The nurse takes into consideration that when the antigen and antibody react, the complement system is activated. This results in which activity?
- A. toughens the cell wall.
- B. generates more T cells.
- C. attracts phagocytes.
- D. makes the antigen resistant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The complement system is a group of plasma proteins that are dormant until there is an antigen-antibody interaction. The proteins destroy the cell membrane and attract phagocytes.
In which patient will the nurse be most concerned about immunodeficiency disorder?
- A. The patient taking desensitization injections (immunotherapy)
- B. The patient on long-term radiation therapy for cancer
- C. The overweight patient
- D. The patient recently diagnosed with lupus erythematosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation destroys lymphocytes and depletes the stem cells. Prolonged radiation depresses the bone marrow.
The nurse has arrived at the patient's bedside with a unit of packed cells to be connected to an IV that is infusing. When the registered nurse arrives, which action do the nurses take first?
- A. Check to ensure that the donor and recipient numbers match according to policy.
- B. Request the patient to sign the card on the packed cells.
- C. Immediately administer the packed cells.
- D. Check the patient's ID bracelet and then administer the packed cells.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Donor and recipient numbers are specific and must be thoroughly checked and the patient identified with an armband.
Which line of defense provides the body with innate immunity?
- A. Skin and mucous membranes
- B. Lungs
- C. Heart
- D. Tears and saliva
- E. Natural intestinal and vaginal flora
- F. Stomach acid
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: The innate immune system is composed of the skin and mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, tears, saliva, sebaceous glands, and secretions and flora of the intestine and vagina. These organs, tissues, and secretions provide biochemical and physical barriers to disease.