Nokea
The nurse plans to encourage the paraplegic patient to drink plenty of fluids mainly because increased fluid intake
- A. replaces fluid lost during periods of increased perspiration
- B. decreases renal calculi formation
- C. tends to decrease the possibility of spinal shock
- D. will decrease the tendency for constipation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased fluids help prevent constipation in immobilized patients.
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What is the primary medicinal treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)?
- A. oral anticholinesterase drugs
- B. retrodopa
- C. high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin
- D. high-dose intravenous vitamin C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the primary treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome. It helps modulate the immune response and reduce the severity of symptoms by neutralizing harmful antibodies.
For a patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia, complete this outcome: Within 4 weeks, the patient will demonstrate an ability to execute complex mental processes by:
- A. functioning independently.
- B. verbalizing feelings of safety.
- C. regularly attending diversional activities.
- D. describing previously forgotten experiences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia typically struggles with memory loss. By describing previously forgotten experiences, the patient demonstrates progress in accessing and processing their memories. This indicates improvement in their ability to execute complex mental processes.
A - Functioning independently is too broad and does not directly address the cognitive aspect of dissociative amnesia.
B - Verbalizing feelings of safety focuses more on emotional regulation rather than cognitive abilities.
C - Regularly attending diversional activities may be beneficial for overall well-being but does not specifically target the core issue of memory impairment in dissociative amnesia.
A 26 year-old man was in a motor vehicle accident and suffered a complete spinal cord injury to L3. The nurse assesses the patient for loss of motor function in the:
- A. Legs
- B. Abdomen
- C. Chest
- D. Arms
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A spinal cord injury at the L3 level affects motor function in the legs. The abdomen, chest, and arms are controlled by higher spinal cord levels (thoracic and cervical). Loss of motor function in the legs is consistent with an L3 injury.
Nurse Taylor is about to conduct an initial assessment on Mrs. Bennett, a 62-year-old woman admitted with Parkinson's Disease. As part of her preparation, Nurse Taylor reviews the etiology of Parkinson's disease, especially considering its typical onset between 50-60 years of age. What should Nurse Taylor understand as the primary cause of Parkinson's Disease?
- A. The natural death of brain cells due to aging.
- B. Genetic or hereditary factors.
- C. Exposure to injurious chemical substances.
- D. Dysfunction of dopamine-producing cells in the brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra of the brain.
What is the relationship between dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and patterning of the somites?
- A. The somites pattern the neural tube after they form.
- B. The neural tube plays the role of organizer in being the sole influence on patterning in the somites
- C. Sonic hedgehog from the notochord and floorplate of the neural tube confers ventral fates on both the neural tube and the somite, while BMPs confer more dorsal fates.
- D. Both the neural tube and the somites acquire their dorso-ventral patterning during gastrulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and somites is regulated by opposing gradients of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) from the notochord and floorplate (ventralizing signals) and BMPs from the dorsal neural tube (dorsalizing signals). These signals coordinate the development of both structures, ensuring proper alignment and function of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system.