Nokea
Which of the following signs is present in a client with meningitis and is described as the inability to extend the leg when the thigh is flexed on the abdomen?
- A. Opisthotonos
- B. Positive Brudzinski's sign
- C. Positive Kernig's sign
- D. Nuchal rigidity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kernig's sign is characterized by this specific limitation in leg extension.
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A graphic designer, who spends hours working on the computer, complains of a slight pain in her right hand. The client describes the pain to be more prominent at night and early in the morning. The condition is not yet serious. Which of the following measures should the nurse suggest to the designer to help alleviate the pain?
- A. Flexing the affected wrist
- B. Shaking the affected hand
- C. Using surgical intervention
- D. Applying physical therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flexing the wrist can help relieve pressure on the median nerve, alleviating pain.
The nurse is preparing a patient for an electroencephalogram (EEG). What information should be given to the patient?
- A. Little needles will be stuck into the scalp.
- B. The hair must be clean and dry before the test.
- C. The hair at the temporal area will have to be shaved.
- D. The patient must withhold fluids and food for 12 hours before the test.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For an EEG, the patient's hair must be clean and dry to ensure proper electrode adhesion. Needles are not used, shaving is not required, and fasting is unnecessary. Clear instructions help the patient prepare for the test.
What is the relationship between dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and patterning of the somites?
- A. The somites pattern the neural tube after they form.
- B. The neural tube plays the role of organizer in being the sole influence on patterning in the somites
- C. Sonic hedgehog from the notochord and floorplate of the neural tube confers ventral fates on both the neural tube and the somite, while BMPs confer more dorsal fates.
- D. Both the neural tube and the somites acquire their dorso-ventral patterning during gastrulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and somites is regulated by opposing gradients of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) from the notochord and floorplate (ventralizing signals) and BMPs from the dorsal neural tube (dorsalizing signals). These signals coordinate the development of both structures, ensuring proper alignment and function of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system.
Before his discharge the nurse should assess Mr. Hall's home situation to determine possible hazards. Of the following items in Mr. Hall's home, which poses the greatest danger to him while he is still on crutches?
- A. Stairs
- B. Doors
- C. Scatter rugs
- D. Easy chairs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Scatter rugs can cause tripping hazards.
The patient's spinal cord injury is at T4. What is the highest-level goal of rehabilitation that is realistic for this patient to have?
- A. Indoor mobility in manual wheelchair
- B. Ambulate with crutches and leg braces
- C. Be independent in self-care and wheelchair use
- D. Completely independent ambulation with short leg braces and canes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Independence in self-care and wheelchair use is realistic for T4 injuries.