Nokea
To which patient would you assign the nurse pulled from the PACU for the day?
- A. A 35-year-old patient with osteomyelitis who needs teaching prior to hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
- B. A 62-year-old patient with osteomalacia who is being discharged to a long-term care facility.
- C. A 68-year-old patient with osteoporosis and a new orthotic device whose knowledge of use of this device must be assessed.
- D. A 72-year-old patient with Paget's disease who has just returned from surgery for total knee replacement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This patient requires immediate post-surgical care, which aligns with the skills of a nurse from the PACU.
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Cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid space via the
- A. 4th ventricle
- B. 3rd ventricle
- C. subarachnoid granulations
- D. choroids plexus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the median and lateral apertures. This allows CSF to circulate around the brain and spinal cord.
Mary frequently has an increase in seizures before her menstrual period. An intervention that may help to decrease Mary's seizures is
- A. increasing exercise during the week before her period
- B. avoiding any cold or chilling during this time
- C. taking frequent rest periods
- D. decreasing fluid and salt intake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreasing fluid and salt intake can reduce seizure frequency in some individuals.
Which of the following nursing interventions should be done in the case of a client who has a head injury obtained from being thrown off of a motorcycle?
- A. Assess LOC every hour or more often if needed
- B. Put the code cart outside the client's room
- C. Keep the client quiet in bed
- D. Allow one visitor at a time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent assessments of LOC are critical to detect worsening neurological status.
Regarding anterior nerve roots
- A. They contain efferent fibres only
- B. All roots contain sympathetic fibres
- C. Anterior roots join with posterior roots 1cm distal to the intervertebral foramen
- D. There are 31 pairs of anterior nerve roots
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anterior nerve roots contain efferent (motor) fibers only. They join with posterior (sensory) roots to form spinal nerves, which then exit the intervertebral foramen.
As the action potential swings down,
- A. potassium ions move out of the axon.
- B. potassium ions move into the axon.
- C. sodium ions move into the axon.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the repolarization phase of an action potential, potassium ions move out of the axon, restoring the negative charge inside the neuron. This efflux of potassium ions helps return the membrane potential to its resting state after depolarization. The movement of potassium ions is facilitated by voltage-gated potassium channels, which open in response to the change in membrane potential.