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volved nurses. Typically
- A. any unusual increase in incidence should be investigated. But in the majority of cases the increased incidence occurs naturally and/or is predictable when compared with the consistent patterns of previous outbreaks. Many illnesses are seasonal. Seasonal affective disorder (depression) often worsens during the shorter periods of daylight in the winter. 10. Which aspect of a biological agent is probably the most frightening to those exposed? Infectivity refers to the capacity of an agent to enter a susceptible host and produce infection or disease. Invasiveness is the ability of an agent to get into a susceptible host. Pathogenicity measures the proportion of infected people who develop the disease. Virulence refers to the proportion of people with clinical disease who become severely ill or die. It is assumed people could cope with illness but possible death is truly frightening for most. 1. Which of the following describes the purpose of surveillance systems today? (Select all that apply.) Although surveillance was initially devoted to monitoring and reducing the spread of infectious diseases
- B. it is now used to monitor and reduce chronic diseases and injuries
- C. as well as environmental and occupational exposures. With tight budgets
- D. public health workers must know which programs should be developed and continued based on the most commonly occurring public health problems. Evaluation of the effectiveness of programs requires valid and reliable data. 2. A public health department becomes aware of an impending health problem before any problem is reported to the agency. Which of the following has most likely occurred within the community? (Select all that apply.) Doctors feeling rushed and nurses calling in ill are not unusual events. Syndronic surveillance systems were developed to monitor illness syndromes or events
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it correctly identifies the most frightening aspect of a biological agent to those exposed, which is the potential for severe illness or death. Infectivity, invasiveness, and pathogenicity are important characteristics of a biological agent but the fear of severe illness or death is a significant concern for individuals. The other choices do not specifically address the emotional impact of possible death, making them incorrect in the context of the question.
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The nurse labels a patient an alcoholic because of his or her ethnicity. Which of the following best describes this action by the nurse?
- A. Stereotyping
- B. Prejudice
- C. Racism
- D. Ethnocentrism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stereotyping. Stereotyping is the act of categorizing individuals based on certain characteristics or traits, such as ethnicity, without considering individual differences. In this case, the nurse is assuming the patient is an alcoholic solely based on their ethnicity, which is a form of stereotyping. Prejudice (B) involves holding negative attitudes or beliefs about a particular group, which is not explicitly stated in the scenario. Racism (C) involves discrimination or prejudice based on race, not necessarily ethnicity. Ethnocentrism (D) is the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group, which is not directly applicable in this situation.
A nurse, concerned that unconscious bias might hinder their cultural humility in providing care to clients with backgrounds different from their own, completes the Social Identity Wheel. Which statement describes the nurse's purpose for using this assessment tool?
- A. To learn about the client's cultural identity
- B. To learn to ignore biases and focus on client care
- C. To assess how the nurse's identity influences client care
- D. To confirm that the nurse is culturally sensitive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To assess how the nurse's identity influences client care. The purpose of the Social Identity Wheel is for the nurse to reflect on their own identity factors (e.g., race, gender, religion) and how these aspects may impact their interactions and care delivery to clients. This self-awareness helps the nurse recognize and address any biases or assumptions that may affect their ability to provide culturally competent care.
A: To learn about the client's cultural identity - This choice focuses on the client's identity, not the nurse's, so it is not the purpose of using the Social Identity Wheel.
B: To learn to ignore biases and focus on client care - Ignoring biases is not the goal; instead, the goal is to acknowledge and address biases to improve client care.
D: To confirm that the nurse is culturally sensitive - The goal is not confirmation but self-assessment and reflection on how one's identity may impact client care.
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the
- A. Policy development
- B. Assessment
- C. Assurance
- D. Scientific knowledge-based care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Policy development. Policy development involves creating guidelines and regulations to ensure essential community-oriented health services are available. This process outlines the necessary services and standards to meet community health needs. Assessment (B) involves collecting data to understand health issues, but doesn't ensure service availability. Assurance (C) focuses on enforcing policies and ensuring services are provided. Scientific knowledge-based care (D) pertains to evidence-based treatment, not service availability. Therefore, policy development is the most appropriate choice to define ensuring essential health services are available in the community.
Which of the following is a basic assumption of public health efforts?
- A. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
- B. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
- C. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
- D. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community. This assumption is fundamental in public health efforts because it emphasizes the interconnectedness of individual and community health. Public health focuses on improving overall community well-being by addressing factors that influence health outcomes for individuals. This approach recognizes that individual health is influenced by social, environmental, and economic factors, and that community-level interventions are crucial for promoting health and preventing disease.
Incorrect answers:
A: Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong. While addressing health disparities is important in public health, it is not a basic assumption.
B: Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding. This choice prioritizes healthcare over public health efforts, which focus on prevention and community health.
D: The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans. This choice is too narrow and does not capture the holistic approach of public health in promoting overall well-being.
A community health nurse critically examines their practice to decrease the influence of privilege when providing healthcare.Which statement does the nurse understand to be a critical aspect of privilege in nursing?
- A. Acknowledging one's privilege is critical to addressing unjust systems.
- B. The nursing profession is not influenced by privileg
- D. Privilege is solely determined by socioeconomic status.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because acknowledging one's privilege is crucial in addressing unjust systems within nursing practice. By recognizing one's privilege, the nurse can better understand how it impacts their interactions with patients and colleagues, allowing for more equitable and culturally sensitive care. This awareness helps in challenging biases and advocating for marginalized groups. Choice B is incorrect as nursing, like any profession, is influenced by privilege. Choice D is incorrect because privilege encompasses various factors beyond just socioeconomic status, such as race, gender, and education.