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The nurse should suggest which food choice when providing dietary teaching for a patient scheduled to receive external-beam radiation for abdominal cancer?
- A. Fruit salad
- B. Baked chicken
- C. Creamed broccoli
- D. Toasted wheat bread
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal radiation zaps the gut, sparking diarrhea from irritated bowels baked chicken's lean protein fuels healing without roughage to rile things up. Fruit salad's fiber and whole-grain toast's bulk worsen diarrhea; dairy in creamed broccoli risks lactose issues post-radiation. Nurses steer patients here to low-residue diets, dodging raw fruits and grains that scrape an already tender GI tract. In oncology, it's about balancing nutrition with symptom control chicken keeps strength up without the bowel chaos, key for tolerating treatment.
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An intra-venous drug user with endocarditis has a TOE and multiple blood cultures taken. He is most likely to have:
- A. tricuspid valve involvement and s.aureus on blood culture
- B. tricuspid valve involvement and enterococci on blood culture
- C. mitral valve involvement and mixed growth on blood culture
- D. tricuspid valve involvement and candida on blood culture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IVDU endocarditis tricuspid flops, Staph aureus spikes, not enterococci, mixed, candida, or blanks. Nurses hear this chronic junkie beat.
The nurse is arriving at the beginning of her shift and has taken report on four clients on a medical surgical unit. Which client should the nurse see first?
- A. A Client with pyelonephritis with nausea and vomiting
- B. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with an oxygen saturation of $90 \%$ on room air
- C. A client post vaginoplasty with bright red blood and clots in her catheter
- D. A client post-total abdominal hysterectomy with 9/10 pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bright red blood and clots post-vaginoplasty scream hemorrhage ABCs prioritize circulation, needing instant check for shock or transfusion. Pyelonephritis nags, COPD's stable at 90\%, pain's urgent but not bleeding. Nurses hit bleeding first, a life-line call in this post-op rush.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the vascular walls to endothelial injury. During the progression of these lesions, interaction occurs between various factors. Question: Which cells do NOT play a role in this process?
- A. Epithelial cells
- B. Lipoproteins
- C. Macrophages
- D. T-lymphocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis macrophages, T-cells, lipoproteins clog, not epithelial outsiders. Nurses track this, a chronic vessel crew.
The following are common abnormal laboratory markers in patients with NAFLD except:
- A. Elevated uric acid
- B. Elevated triglycerides
- C. Elevated hct
- D. Elevated GGT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NAFLD's lab quirks high triglycerides, GGT, glucose tie to fat and insulin woes; uric acid tags along in gouty pals. Elevated hematocrit? Not here, more polycythemia's game. Clinicians spot this odd-out, focusing chronic liver's true markers.
The school nurse is teaching a nutrition class in the local high school. One student states that he has heard that certain foods can increase the incidence of cancer. The nurse responds, 'Research has shown that certain foods indeed appear to increase the risk of cancer.' Which of the following menu selections would be the best choice for potentially reducing the risks of cancer?
- A. Smoked salmon and green beans
- B. Pork chops and fried green tomatoes
- C. Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli
- D. Liver, onions, and steamed peas
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diet plays a big role in cancer risk. Fruits and veggies, like apricots and broccoli, pack antioxidants (vitamins C, E, carotenoids) that combat oxidative stress and inflammation key cancer drivers. Steaming preserves nutrients, unlike frying, which adds carcinogens (e.g., acrylamide in fried tomatoes). Smoked salmon's salt-curing introduces nitrates, linked to colorectal cancer. Pork chops, a red meat, carry heme iron and saturated fats, boosting risk when cooked at high heat. Liver's high in nutrients but also iron, which in excess may promote cancer. Baked apricot chicken with steamed broccoli sidesteps these pitfalls, offering fiber and phytochemicals that may inhibit tumor growth, making it the nurse's top pick for cancer-preventive eating in teens.