Nokea
The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells?
- A. Benign tumor cells are benign tumor cells are benign tumor cells.
- B. Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition.
- C. Growing in the wrong place or time is typical of benign tumors.
- D. The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is called anaplasia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign tumors are basically normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Benign cells grow through hyperplasia, not involution. Benign tumor cells retain contact inhibition. Anaplasia is a characteristic of cancer cells.
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The student nurse learning about cellular regulation understands that which process occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
- A. Actual division (mitosis)
- B. Doubling of DNA
- C. Growing extra membrane
- D. No reproductive activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During the S phase, the cell must double its DNA content through DNA synthesis. Actual division, or mitosis, occurs during the M phase. Growing extra membrane occurs in the G1 phase. During the G0 phase, the cell is working but is not involved in any reproductive activity.
A nurse is participating in primary prevention efforts directed against cancer. In which activities is this nurse most likely to engage? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Demonstrating breast self-examination methods to women
- B. Interesting people on the use of chemoprevention
- C. Providing vaccinations against certain cancers
- D. Screening teenage girls for cervical cancer
- E. Teaching teens the dangers of tanning beds
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or disorder, in this case cancer. Secondary prevention includes screening and early diagnosis. Primary prevention activities include teaching people about chemoprevention, providing approved vaccinations to prevent cancer, and teaching teens the dangers of tanning beds. Secondary prevention includes screening girls for cervical cancer and demonstrating breast self-examination methods.
A student nurse asks its nursing instructor what apoptosis means. What response by the instructor is best?
- A. Growing by cells enlarging
- B. Having the normal number of chromosomes
- C. Inhibition of cell growth
- D. Programmed cell death
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death. With this characteristic, organs and tissues function with cells that are at their peak of performance. Growth by cells enlarging is hyperplasia. Having the normal number of chromosomes is euploidy. Inhibition of cell growth is contact inhibition.
Which statement by the client indicates the nurse needs to provide additional teaching?
- A. Foods high in vitamin A and vitamin C are important.
- B. I'll have to cut down on the amount of bacon I eat.
- C. I'm so glad I don't have to give up my juicy steaks.
- D. Vegetables, fruit, and high-fiber grains are important.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To decrease the risk of developing cancer, one should cut down on the consumption of red meats and animal fat. The other statements are correct.
A client is in the oncology clinic for a first visit since being diagnosed with cancer. The nurse reads in the client's chart that the cancer is rated TIS, N0, M0. What does this indicate?
- A. The primary site of the cancer cannot be determined.
- B. Regional lymph nodes could not be assessed.
- C. There are multiple lymph nodes involved already.
- D. There are no distant metastases noted in the report.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TIS stands for carcinoma in situ, N0 stands for no regional lymph node metastasis, and M0 stands for no distant metastasis.