Nokea
The nutrient that supplies bulk to help the movement of waste through the digestive system is
- A. protein
- B. vitamins
- C. minerals
- D. fibre
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fibre provides bulk and aids in the movement of waste through the digestive tract by promoting peristalsis.
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Which is the possible cause of a urinary tract infection?
- A. bacteria in the urinary system
- B. calcium buildup in the kidney
- C. prostate enlargement
- D. kidney stones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacteria in the urinary system are the most common cause of urinary tract infections.
Based on knowledge of anatomy and physiology, are there any diet considerations that the student should include in the teaching plan?
- A. Low-fat, enzyme-supplemented diet
- B. High-fiber diet only
- C. Low-protein diet
- D. No dietary changes needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-pancreatectomy, a low-fat diet with enzyme supplements is necessary due to impaired digestion.
Which of the following is a function of bile?
- A. acidification of GI contents
- B. emulsification of GI contents
- C. enzymatic breakdown of fats
- D. speeding up GI transit time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bile, produced by the liver, emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets to increase surface area for digestion by lipases.
In which regions of the alimentary canal does amylase act?
- A. mouth cavity and pancreas
- B. mouth cavity and ileum
- C. stomach and pancreas
- D. stomach and ileum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase acts in the mouth cavity and is also secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum.
During the process of defecation, which of the following changes takes place?
- A. Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
- B. Contraction of the external anal sphincter
- C. Relaxation of the rectal smooth muscle
- D. Decreased intra-abdominal pressure compared to the resting state
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The internal anal sphincter relaxes reflexively during defecation to allow stool passage, while the external sphincter is voluntarily controlled.