Nokea
The physician documented that the patient has urinary retention. How should the nurse explain this when the nursing student asks what it is?
- A. Inability to void
- B. No urine formation
- C. Large amount of urine output
- D. Increased incidence of urination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inability to void. Urinary retention refers to the inability to empty the bladder completely. The nurse should explain to the student that this condition causes difficulty in urination and can lead to discomfort and complications if not addressed. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because urinary retention does not refer to the absence of urine formation, large urine output, or increased urination frequency. It specifically relates to the inability to void urine from the bladder.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with impaired renal which the nurse should monitor the patient?
- A. Accumulation of wastes
- B. The nurse should facilitate collection of what
- C. Retention of potassium
- D. Depletion of calcium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because impaired renal function can lead to the accumulation of wastes in the body, causing toxicity. Monitoring this is crucial for the patient's overall health. Choice B is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the consequences of impaired renal function. Choice C, retention of potassium, is also incorrect as it is a specific outcome of impaired renal function and not the primary focus of monitoring. Choice D, depletion of calcium, is incorrect as impaired renal function is more likely to lead to hypercalcemia rather than hypocalcemia. Therefore, the nurse should prioritize monitoring the accumulation of wastes in a patient with impaired renal function.
A 22-year-old woman with a history of chronic pelvic pain is being examined. The nurse suspects endometriosis. Which of the following is the most common symptom of endometriosis?
- A. Pain during menstruation.
- B. Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation.
- C. Pain during ovulation.
- D. Heavy bleeding during menstruation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation. This is because endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to inflammation and pain in the pelvic region. The pain typically worsens during menstruation due to the shedding of this tissue, causing irritation and further inflammation.
A: Pain during menstruation is a common symptom, but what distinguishes endometriosis is the worsening of pain during menstruation.
C: Pain during ovulation is not a typical symptom of endometriosis. While some individuals may experience pain during ovulation, it is not the most common symptom.
D: Heavy bleeding during menstruation can occur in endometriosis, but it is not the most common symptom. Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation is the hallmark symptom of endometriosis.
What is the upper expanded region of the ureter called?
- A. Renal pelvis
- B. Renal papilla
- C. Renal pyramids
- D. Renal cortex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Renal pelvis. The upper expanded region of the ureter is called the renal pelvis, which is where the major calyces converge to collect urine before it travels down the ureter. The other choices are incorrect: B) Renal papilla is the tip of the renal pyramid where urine is collected before entering the minor calyx, C) Renal pyramids are the conical structures in the renal medulla that contain the nephrons, and D) Renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney where the nephrons are located.
Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?
- A. control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood
- B. control of wastes in the blood
- C. lipid digestion
- D. regulation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: lipid digestion. Kidneys are not involved in the process of lipid digestion. Kidneys primarily function in filtering blood, controlling water and electrolyte balance, regulating blood pressure, and removing waste products. Lipid digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal system, specifically in the small intestine, where bile from the liver aids in breaking down fats. Choices A, B, and D are all functions directly related to kidney function, as the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining proper pH balance, filtering waste products from the blood, and regulating blood pressure.
Clavulanic acid is combined with amoxicillin because: *
- A. It inhibits beta lactamases that destroy amoxicillin
- B. It prevents renal excretion of amoxicillin
- C. It destroy bacteria that are not destroyed by amoxicillin
- D. It counteracts the adverse effects of amoxicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because clavulanic acid acts as a beta-lactamase inhibitor, protecting amoxicillin from being destroyed by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria. This allows amoxicillin to effectively kill the bacteria. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because clavulanic acid does not prevent renal excretion of amoxicillin, destroy bacteria directly, or counteract adverse effects of amoxicillin. The primary purpose of combining clavulanic acid with amoxicillin is to enhance amoxicillin's effectiveness by preventing its degradation by bacterial enzymes.