Nokea
The process by which water is reabsorbed by following solutes when they are reabsorbed is called
- A. obligatory water reabsorption
- B. facultative water reabsorption
- C. osmotic water reabsorption
- D. renin-angiotensin water reabsorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: facultative water reabsorption. This process occurs in the collecting ducts of the nephron in the kidney, where water reabsorption is regulated based on the body's hydration levels. When solutes like sodium are reabsorbed, water follows passively through aquaporin channels, adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed according to the body's needs.
A: Obligatory water reabsorption refers to the constant reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle, not regulated based on hydration levels.
C: Osmotic water reabsorption is a general term referring to the movement of water based on osmotic gradients, not specifically regulated by solute reabsorption.
D: Renin-angiotensin water reabsorption involves the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to low blood pressure, focusing on sodium reabsorption rather than direct regulation of
You may also like to solve these questions
Regarding UTI's will not increase your risk of developing one?
- A. Pregnancy
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Being female
- D. Catheterization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Being female. Being female does not increase the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs are more common in females due to shorter urethras. Pregnancy (A) can increase UTI risk due to hormonal changes. Diabetes mellitus (B) can affect the immune system, leading to higher UTI susceptibility. Catheterization (D) introduces bacteria into the urinary tract, significantly increasing the risk of UTIs. Overall, being female alone does not directly increase the risk of UTIs compared to the other factors mentioned.
An 11-year-old girl is in the clinic for a sports physical examination. The nurse notices that she has begun to develop breasts, and during the conversation the girl reveals that she is worried about her development. The nurse should use which of these techniques to best assist the young girl in understanding the expected sequence for development? The nurse should:
- A. Use the Tanner scale on the five stages of sexual development.
- B. Describe her development and compare it with that of other girls her age.
- C. Use the Jacobsen table on expected development on the basis of height and weight data.
- D. Reassure her that her development is within normal limits and tell her not to worry about the next step.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use the Tanner scale on the five stages of sexual development. The Tanner scale is a standardized tool used to assess the stages of sexual development in children and adolescents. By using this scale, the nurse can provide the girl with a clear and objective understanding of her current stage of development and what to expect in the future. This approach helps the young girl feel informed and reassured about the normal process of puberty.
Choice B is incorrect because comparing the girl's development with other girls her age may lead to unnecessary comparisons and anxiety. Choice C is incorrect as the Jacobsen table based on height and weight data is not relevant for assessing sexual development. Choice D is incorrect as simply reassuring the girl without providing detailed information may not address her concerns effectively.
A 70 year old man has severe urinary hesitancy associated with BPH. He has tried alpha blockers with little effect. His physician recommends a drug that blocks 5α-reductase in the prostate which is:
- A. Leuprolide
- B. Finasteride
- C. Flutamide
- D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Finasteride. Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor that reduces the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the prostate, thereby shrinking the prostate gland and improving urinary symptoms in BPH. Leuprolide (A) is a GnRH agonist used in prostate cancer, not BPH. Flutamide (C) is an antiandrogen used in prostate cancer. Ketoconazole (D) is an antifungal drug and not indicated for BPH.
A 50-year-old woman calls the clinic because she has noticed some changes in her body and breasts and wonders if these changes could be attributable to the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) she started 3 months earlier. The nurse should tell her:
- A. HRT is at such a low dose that side effects are very unusual.
- B. HRT has several side effects, including fluid retention, breast tenderness, and vaginal bleeding.
- C. Vaginal bleeding with HRT is very unusual; I suggest you come into the clinic immediately to have this evaluated.
- D. It sounds as if your dose of estrogen is too high; I think you may need to decrease the amount you are taking and then call back in a week.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hormone replacement therapy (HRT) commonly causes side effects such as fluid retention, breast tenderness, and vaginal bleeding. This information is important for the nurse to communicate to the patient, as it aligns with the symptoms the woman is experiencing. Choice A is incorrect as even low doses of HRT can still result in side effects. Choice C is incorrect because vaginal bleeding with HRT is not very unusual and does not necessitate immediate evaluation unless it is severe. Choice D is incorrect as adjusting the dose without proper evaluation could be dangerous and is not the appropriate first step in addressing the patient's concerns.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is essential in regulating blood pressure. Which of the following hormones involved in RAAS is produced by the kidney?
- A. Renin
- B. Angiotensin I
- C. Angiotensin II
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Renin is produced and released by the kidney in response to low blood pressure or low sodium levels. Renin initiates the RAAS cascade by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II, leading to vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. Aldosterone, produced by the adrenal glands, promotes sodium and water retention. Therefore, choice A is correct as renin is the hormone produced by the kidney to regulate blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are downstream products of the RAAS cascade and are not directly produced by the kidney.