Nokea
The psychosexual stage associated with sexual maturity is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The genital stage (puberty onward, Freud) focuses on mature sexuality.
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Which of the following is NOT one of Ryff's fundamental elements of psychological well-being:
- A. Life purpose
- B. Social growth
- C. Positive relatedness
- D. Self-acceptance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ryff's 6 elements are purpose, autonomy, mastery, relatedness, self-acceptance, and personal growth (not social growth).
The nurse is providing care to a patient who has had diagnostic testing for HIV. Which test should the nurse review to monitor the response to antiretroviral therapy?
- A. Western blot
- B. Viral load testing
- C. P24 antigen testing
- D. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Viral load testing. This test measures the amount of HIV RNA in the blood, reflecting the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing viral replication. Monitoring viral load helps assess treatment response and determine if adjustments are needed.
A: Western blot is used for confirming HIV infection, not for monitoring treatment response.
C: P24 antigen testing detects a protein associated with HIV infection but is not as sensitive as viral load testing for monitoring therapy.
D: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for initial HIV screening, not for monitoring treatment response.
Ethnic minorities are often victims of stigmatization regarding their mental illnesses. The nurse initially addresses this potential problem by:
- A. Informing a client of his civil rights.
- B. Educating a client as to various available counseling services.
- C. Discussing with the client how family and friends are reacting to his illness.
- D. Helping the client develop the confidence to stand up for himself.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because discussing how family and friends are reacting to the client's illness helps identify potential sources of stigma and provides insight into the client's support system. This allows the nurse to address specific issues and provide appropriate interventions. Option A is incorrect as civil rights may not directly address stigma. Option B focuses on counseling services but doesn't directly address stigma. Option D addresses confidence but may not directly tackle the issue of stigma faced by ethnic minorities.
The theory focuses on the mental processes is
- A. Behaviorism
- B. Cognitivism
- C. Humanism
- D. Social learning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitivism examines internal mental processes like memory and problem-solving.
Which of the following approaches is most likely to address patients' and families' concerns about perceived racial disparities in clinical care and research?
- A. Emphasize that race has no bearing on health care
- B. Assure patients that all medications and treatments have established safety and efficacy in all race/ethnic groups
- C. Openly discuss established differences among race/ethnic groups related to treatment and areas where differences may exist but remain unknown
- D. Limit opportunities for patients to speak to family members and friends about their concerns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transparent discussion builds trust by acknowledging disparities.