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The public health nurse is assigned to the population of clients in an inner-city community. The nurse identifies which of the following as a priority intervention?
- A. Develop a survey on teen pregnancies
- B. Hold a focus group to discuss immunizations
- C. Perform a windshield survey
- D. Interview the elderly at the senior's center
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Perform a windshield survey. This is the priority intervention because it involves assessing the community's overall health needs and resources by physically observing the environment. It helps in identifying key health issues, resources, and potential areas for intervention. Developing a survey on teen pregnancies (A) may be important but not a priority without assessing the community first. Holding a focus group on immunizations (B) is valuable but may not address the broader health needs of the community. Interviewing the elderly at the senior's center (D) is specific and may not represent the entire community.
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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Trigeminal neuralgia who is suddenly experiencing severe pain on the left side of the face. The nurse identifies which classification of medications is most effective in treating this type of pain?
- A. Analgesics
- B. Antibiotics
- C. Anticonvulsants
- D. Antihistamines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anticonvulsants. Trigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic pain disorder, and anticonvulsants like carbamazepine are the first-line treatment due to their ability to stabilize nerve cell membranes and reduce pain signals. Analgesics (choice A) may not be effective for neuropathic pain. Antibiotics (choice B) are used to treat infections, not neuropathic pain. Antihistamines (choice D) are used for allergies and not indicated for treating trigeminal neuralgia.
Which of the following statements indicate the importance of epidemiology to the community health nurse? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
- A. Epidemiology interprets legislation in the community
- B. Epidemiology evaluates the effectiveness of nursing interventions
- C. Epidemiology analyzes and examines the root causes of health outcomes
- D. Epidemiology defines the burden of disease and determinants of health
- E. Epidemiology relates to the health status of a population
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: The correct answers are B, C, D, and E. The importance of epidemiology to the community health nurse lies in its ability to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions (B), analyze and examine the root causes of health outcomes (C), define the burden of disease and determinants of health (D), and relate to the health status of a population (E). By evaluating interventions, nurses can ensure they are evidence-based. Analyzing root causes helps in developing targeted interventions. Defining the burden of disease guides resource allocation. Relating to the health status aids in planning and implementing community health programs. Choices A, F, and G are incorrect as epidemiology does not primarily focus on interpreting legislation or other unrelated aspects.
A nurse is providing education regarding biologic threats. When discussing anthrax, which of the following should be included as potential portals of entry? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
- A. Central nervous system
- B. Integumentary system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Renal system
- E. Gastrointestinal system
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: The correct answer includes the integumentary system (B), respiratory system (C), and gastrointestinal system (E) as potential portals of entry for anthrax. Anthrax can enter the body through broken skin (integumentary system), inhalation of spores (respiratory system), or ingestion of contaminated food/water (gastrointestinal system). The central nervous system (A) and renal system (D) are not typical routes of entry for anthrax. Central nervous system is not a common portal for anthrax entry, and the renal system is not a primary site for anthrax spore invasion.
A nurse is providing care to a client with Myasthenia gravis who has lost 6 kg of weight over the past 2 months. What should the nurse suggest to improve this client's nutritional status?
- A. Restrict drinking fluids before and during meals
- B. Plan medication doses to occur before meals
- C. Increase the amount of fat and carbohydrates in meals
- D. Eat three large meals per day
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plan medication doses to occur before meals. This is because Myasthenia gravis can cause difficulty swallowing, leading to weight loss. Taking medication before meals can enhance the client's ability to eat by improving muscle strength for swallowing and chewing. Restricting fluids (A) may exacerbate swallowing difficulties. Increasing fat and carbohydrates (C) can lead to weight gain but may not address the swallowing issue. Eating three large meals (D) may be challenging for someone with swallowing difficulties.
A nurse is delegating tasks to the assistive personnel (AP). The nurse should direct the AP to complete which of the following tasks first?
- A. Assisting a client with a bed bath who has a history of falls
- B. Providing a snack to a diabetic client who is feeling lightheaded
- C. Feeding a client who has bilateral casts due to upper arm fractures
- D. Ambulating a postoperative client for the first time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing a snack to a diabetic client who is feeling lightheaded addresses an immediate physiological need. Hypoglycemia can lead to serious complications and needs to be addressed promptly to prevent harm. Choices A, C, and D involve important tasks but do not address an urgent physiological need like hypoglycemia. Assisting a client with a bed bath, feeding a client with bilateral casts, or ambulating a postoperative client can be prioritized based on the client's condition and safety but do not take precedence over addressing a potential medical emergency like hypoglycemia.