Nokea
The reproductive cycle of a human is usually regulated by
- A. gametes
- B. hormones
- C. natural selection
- D. immune responses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormones. Hormones play a crucial role in regulating the human reproductive cycle by controlling the release of gametes and coordinating the processes of ovulation and menstruation. Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone interact with the reproductive organs to maintain the menstrual cycle and facilitate fertility. Natural selection (C) is the mechanism of evolution, not directly related to regulating the reproductive cycle. Immune responses (D) are involved in protecting the body from pathogens, not in regulating the reproductive cycle. Gametes (A) are the reproductive cells, but they are not responsible for regulating the reproductive cycle.
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Regarding gross anatomy of the female reproductive system
- A. Ovarian vessels located in ovarian ligament
- B. Anteverted- anteflexed is the normal position of the uterus
- C. Pouch of douglas separated uterus from rectum
- D. Pulsation of uterine artery can be palpated at the posterior fornix of vagina
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the pulsation of the uterine artery can indeed be palpated at the posterior fornix of the vagina. This is an important anatomical landmark used in gynecological examinations.
A: The ovarian vessels are located in the suspensory ligament of the ovary, not the ovarian ligament.
B: The normal position of the uterus is anteverted and anteflexed.
C: The Pouch of Douglas is a potential space between the uterus and rectum, not a structure that physically separates them.
Which of the following are all components of sperm?
- A. acrosome, flagellum, nucleus
- B. codpiece, flagellum, midpiece
- C. nucleus, seminal vesicles, mitochondria
- D. DNA, flagellum, efferent ductules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: acrosome, flagellum, nucleus. The acrosome contains enzymes for penetrating the egg. The flagellum is the tail for movement. The nucleus contains genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because a codpiece is a protective garment and not a component of sperm. Choice C is incorrect because seminal vesicles and mitochondria are not components of sperm. Choice D is incorrect because efferent ductules are part of the male reproductive system, not a component of sperm.
Patella is a
- A. Irregular bone
- B. Short bone
- C. Sesamoid bone
- D. Flat bone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patella is a sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Sesamoid bones are small, round bones embedded within tendons, providing protection and improving the mechanical advantage of the muscle. It is not irregular (A), short (B), or flat (D) as it does not fit the structural characteristics of those bone types. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
When does a nurse use transillumination of the scrotum?
- A. When the patient has tortuosity of the veins along the spermatic cord
- B. When the patient has an indirect hernia
- C. When there is a mass or fluid in the epididymis
- D. When there is twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transillumination of the scrotum is used when there is a mass or fluid in the epididymis. Transillumination helps to differentiate between solid masses and fluid-filled structures. It is not used for tortuosity of veins (A), indirect hernia (B), or twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord (D). Vein tortuosity is diagnosed through physical examination, hernias are detected through palpation, and testicular torsion is confirmed through Doppler ultrasound.
The initiation of puberty and menses in a female, involves increased levels of _____.
- A. FSH
- B. LH
- C. estrogen
- D. progesterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: estrogen. During puberty in females, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release hormones, leading to increased estrogen levels. Estrogen plays a key role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the onset of menstruation. FSH and LH are also involved in the menstrual cycle but do not directly initiate puberty. Progesterone is mainly involved in the menstrual cycle's later stages, not the initiation of puberty.