Nokea
The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a(n) design.
- A. experimental
- B. quasi-experimental
- C. survey
- D. meta-analysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: experimental design. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates one variable (aromatherapy vs. acupuncture) to observe its effect on another variable (stress). Without a control group, it is impossible to establish a baseline for comparison. A control group is essential to isolate the effects of the treatment from other variables. Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, surveys are used to gather data rather than test hypotheses, and meta-analyses involve combining and analyzing results from multiple studies.
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A group of nurses are interested in the how to improve teaching effectiveness for patients who have a hearing impairment and lack family involvement while hospitalized. They believe "hearing loss decreases the teaching effectiveness while hospitalized." The group plans to evaluate teaching effectiveness using a 10-point Likert scale pre-post teaching, perform a hearing test to determine degree of hearing loss on admission, and have social work evaluate the impact of hearing impairment on patient's ability to safely live alone prior to discharge. The group is working in which step of the scientific process?
- A. Hypothesis
- B. Method
- C. Results
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Method. In the scientific process, the method refers to designing and planning the research study. In this scenario, the group of nurses is planning how to improve teaching effectiveness for patients with hearing impairment, which involves designing the study by using a Likert scale pre-post teaching evaluation, conducting a hearing test, and involving social work for evaluation. This step focuses on determining how the research will be carried out, including data collection methods and procedures. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Hypothesis - This step involves formulating a testable prediction based on observations or existing knowledge.
C: Results - This step involves analyzing the data collected and drawing conclusions.
D: Evaluation - This step involves assessing the effectiveness or outcomes of the research study.
Which statement regarding informed consent is correct? Informed consent:
- A. is mandated by federal but not state law.
- B. must reveal expected benefits.
- C. requires concealing any known risks.
- D. allows the RN to communicate information needed so that informed consent can be provided.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because informed consent requires the registered nurse (RN) to communicate all necessary information to the patient so they can make an informed decision. This includes explaining the procedure, potential risks, benefits, alternatives, and any other pertinent information. The RN plays a crucial role in ensuring that the patient understands the information provided before giving consent. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because informed consent is not solely mandated by federal law, must disclose risks as well as benefits, and should not involve concealing any known risks.
A student nurse is concerned about delegation practices and wonders why hospitals employ unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) and LPN/LVNs. The student nurse refers to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing and learns that the role of these personnel is to:
- A. supplement the staffing pattern when an RN is not available.
- B. aid the RN by performing appropriately delegated care tasks.
- C. replace the RN when the health care facility provides long-term care.
- D. provide patient teaching, allowing more direct care to be provided by the RN.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: aid the RN by performing appropriately delegated care tasks. UAP and LPN/LVNs are crucial in supporting the RN by carrying out tasks within their scope of practice under the RN's supervision. This is essential to ensure efficient patient care delivery and allow the RN to focus on more complex nursing assessments and interventions.
A: Supplementing the staffing pattern when an RN is not available is incorrect because UAP and LPN/LVNs work alongside RNs, not as substitutes for them.
C: Replacing the RN in long-term care settings is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs provide valuable assistance but do not replace the RN's role.
D: Providing patient teaching to allow more direct care by the RN is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs focus on task-based care rather than patient education, which is typically within the RN's scope of practice.
A student nurse who is preparing to graduate and take the licensure examination asks, "What is compulsory licensure?" The appropriate response of the nursing advisor is which of the following?
- A. All candidates wishing to take the licensure examination must pass a drug screen.
- B. Candidates must not have a felony conviction.
- C. To practice as an RN, the nurse must be licensed as an RN.
- D. An impaired nurse must sign a legal document to acknowledge limitations on his or her practice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because compulsory licensure means that in order to practice as an RN, the nurse must be licensed as an RN. This is a fundamental requirement for anyone wanting to work as a registered nurse to ensure they meet the necessary qualifications and standards set by the licensing board.
Choice A is incorrect as passing a drug screen is not the definition of compulsory licensure. Choice B is incorrect as having a felony conviction may impact eligibility for licensure but is not the definition of compulsory licensure. Choice D is incorrect as acknowledging limitations due to impairment is related to professional conduct but not specifically about licensure requirements.
According to Kramer, nurses in the shock phase should ask themselves:
- A. "How can I fit in with other staff?"
- B. "Why can't I perform as everyone expects?"
- C. "What changes can I make to make me feel good about the choice to become a nurse?"
- D. "How can I get the rest of the staff to change?"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the shock phase, nurses should focus on self-reflection and personal growth to cope effectively with the challenges. Asking what changes they can make to feel good about their career choice promotes self-awareness and resilience. Choices A and D focus on external factors, which may not address personal development. Choice B reflects a self-critical mindset, which can be detrimental to emotional well-being during the shock phase.