Nokea
The safest drug to use to treat pregnant women with deep vein thrombosis is:
- A. Low-molecular-weight heparin
- B. Warfarin
- C. Aspirin
- D. Heparin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heparin is safest in pregnancy as it doesn't cross the placenta, unlike warfarin (B, teratogenic); LMWH is also safe but not listed as 'heparin.'
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Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
- A. OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
- B. OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- C. OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.
- D. OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions.
Which of the following is natural mineralcorticoid:
- A. Methylprednisolone
- B. Betamethasone
- C. Triamcinolone
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is the natural mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex.
The adverse events of sulfonylurea drugs are:
- A. Hypoglycemia and weight gain
- B. Gastrointestinal symptoms
- C. Aggravation of heart failure
- D. Increased risk of bone fracture in females
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sulfonylureas like glyburide cause hypoglycemia and weight gain by increasing insulin release.
Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
Theophylline levels in blood are increased by:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Smoking
- D. Digitalis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythromycin inhibits theophylline metabolism, raising levels.