Nokea
The theorist who believes humans have unconscious motives is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud's psychoanalysis centers on unconscious motives.
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Diverse cultural beliefs can result in dramatically varied perceptions of wellness, disease, and the treatment of disease. In order to best address these variations when planning nursing care, the nurse and client initially:
- A. Agree to respect each other's beliefs and values.
- B. Discuss what the client believes is the cause of his or her illness.
- C. Agree that treatment planning will include family members when possible.
- D. Discuss the incorporation of both traditional nursing practice and culturally based practices.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Discuss what the client believes is the cause of his or her illness. This is the best initial step to address cultural variations in perceptions of wellness and disease because it allows the nurse to understand the client's perspective and tailor care accordingly. By exploring the client's beliefs, the nurse can identify any cultural factors that may impact treatment decisions.
A: Agree to respect each other's beliefs and values - While important, this is a broader concept and may not directly address the specific cultural beliefs influencing the client's health views.
C: Agree that treatment planning will include family members when possible - Involving family members is valuable but may not directly address the immediate need to understand the client's beliefs about illness.
D: Discuss the incorporation of both traditional nursing practice and culturally based practices - This is important but may be premature without first understanding the client's specific beliefs about illness.
Which nurse-focused action demonstrates an understanding of the importance of value clarification to the therapeutic relationship between nurse and client?
- A. Intently listening while the client describes physical abuse she was exposed to as a child
- B. Offering to arrange for the hospital chaplain to visit a client who is severely depressed
- C. Asking a client to explain his or her cultural beliefs regarding the role of women
- D. Encouraging the client to read a newspaper article that debates various political issues
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because asking a client to explain his or her cultural beliefs regarding the role of women demonstrates an understanding of the importance of value clarification. By exploring the client's cultural beliefs, the nurse shows respect for the client's values and perspectives, which is essential for building a therapeutic relationship. This action also promotes cultural competence and helps the nurse understand the client's worldview.
Choice A is incorrect because although intently listening is important, it does not specifically address value clarification. Choice B is incorrect because arranging for the chaplain's visit may be helpful but does not directly relate to value clarification. Choice D is incorrect as encouraging the client to read a newspaper article on political issues does not necessarily focus on the client's values or beliefs.
he Montessori approach believes that discipline is
- A. Imposed
- B. Self-imposed
- C. Punitive
- D. External
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori fosters self-imposed discipline through independence and responsibility.
The ability to learn, store, and retrieve associations between actions or things) also declines dramatically is called:
- A. Episodic Memory
- B. Associative Memory
- C. Short Term Memory
- D. Long Term Memory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Associative memory, linking actions or items, declines with age, per cognitive aging studies.
The nurse is participating in the planning of care for a patient who has HIV. Which therapeutic action should the nurse recognize as the treatment goal for HIV?
- A. Stimulating the immune system
- B. Treating opportunistic infections
- C. Killing the virus with medication
- D. Keeping the virus from replicating
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Keeping the virus from replicating. The primary treatment goal for HIV is to maintain an undetectable viral load by inhibiting viral replication through antiretroviral therapy. This helps to prevent progression to AIDS and reduces the risk of transmission.
A: Stimulating the immune system is not the primary goal as HIV specifically targets and weakens the immune system.
B: Treating opportunistic infections is important but not the primary goal; it's a consequence of HIV-related immune suppression.
C: Killing the virus with medication is not entirely possible due to HIV's ability to integrate into host DNA; the focus is on viral suppression to prevent replication.