Nokea
The trigeminal nerve
- A. Has five divisions
- B. Mandibular division is purely sensory
- C. Has its motor nucleus in the upper pons
- D. Exits the skull entirely through the foramen ovale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The trigeminal nerve has three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) and a motor nucleus in the upper pons. The mandibular division carries both sensory and motor fibers.
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Compared with myelinated nerve fibres, non-myelinated nerve fibres:
- A. have a higher threshold for stimulation
- B. have a longer refractory period
- C. transmit impulses at a lower frequency
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Non-myelinated nerve fibers have a higher stimulation threshold, longer refractory period, and lower impulse transmission frequency compared to myelinated fibers. These differences are due to the lack of saltatory conduction in non-myelinated fibers.
Nurse Cooper is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has started taking levodopa for Parkinson's disease. She plans to educate the client about common side effects associated with this medication. Which side effect should Nurse Cooper include in her teaching plan?
- A. Postural hypotension
- B. Development of a peptic ulcer
- C. Experiencing significant weight loss
- D. Occurrence of pancytopenia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postural hypotension is a common side effect of levodopa, requiring patients to rise slowly from sitting or lying positions to prevent falls.
Which myotome is responsible for extension of the hip
- A. L3/4
- B. L4/L5
- C. L5/S1
- D. S1/S2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The L3 and L4 nerve roots innervate the quadriceps and iliopsoas muscles, which are involved in hip extension. This is important in assessing lumbar nerve root function.
To test for stereognosis you would
- A. Have the person close his or her eyes, then raise the person's arm and ask the person to describe its location.
- B. Touch the person with a tuning fork
- C. Place a coin in the person's hand and ask him or her to identify it.
- D. Touch the person with a cold object
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stereognosis is the ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object using touch. To test for stereognosis, place a familiar object, such as a coin, in the patient's hand and ask them to identify it with their eyes closed. This assesses the sensory cortex's ability to interpret tactile sensations.
Sitting relaxed and facing you, have your patient perform the following sequence of activities: With arms outstretched, alternately bring in each hand and touch the tip of each index finger to his nose. Next, have the patient rapidly alternate patting his knees with the palmer , then the dorsal aspects of his hands. Finally, have the patient rapidly extend and tap his foot against your hand. Which component of the neurological exam are you assessing?
- A. Sensory function
- B. Cerebellar function
- C. Cranial nerves
- D. Mental status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These activities assess cerebellar function, which includes coordination, balance, and fine motor skills. Sensory function, cranial nerves, and mental status are evaluated through different tests, such as pinprick sensation, cranial nerve examination, and cognitive assessments.