Nokea
There are _____ ventricles in the brain.
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 4
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: There are four ventricles in the brain: two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. These ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions the brain and spinal cord.
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You have been caring for a patient with osteomyelitis. In preparing the patient for discharge, you include teaching about
- A. The importance of completing the multiple-week treatment with antibiotics.
- B. The side effects and interactions of the medications.
- C. Symptoms that necessitate a call to the physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All aspects mentioned are crucial for effective post-discharge care and prevention of complications.
Like other systems in the body, the nervous system is composed of organs, principally the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and _______.
- A. ganglia
- B. axon
- C. neurons
- D. dura mater
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nervous system is composed of several key organs, including the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system and play a role in processing and transmitting nerve signals. Axons and neurons are components of nerves, while the dura mater is a protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Ganglia are the correct answer as they are distinct organs within the nervous system.
How do humans usually contract neurocysticercosis?
- A. the bite of an infected arthropod
- B. exposure to contaminated cat feces
- C. swimming in contaminated water
- D. ingestion of undercooked pork
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, ingestion of undercooked pork. This is because neurocysticercosis is caused by the larvae of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, which can be contracted by consuming undercooked pork containing the cysts. The other choices are incorrect because neurocysticercosis is not transmitted through arthropod bites, exposure to contaminated cat feces, or swimming in contaminated water. It is crucial to thoroughly cook pork to prevent this parasitic infection.
The presence of dysarthria suggests damage to cranial nerve:
- A. V
- B. XI
- C. XII
- D. VIII
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) is the correct answer because it controls the movements of the tongue, which are essential for articulation and speech. Damage to this nerve results in dysarthria, characterized by slurred or difficult speech due to impaired tongue movement.
The brain's ability to change in response to experience or damage is called:
- A. lateralization
- B. lesioning
- C. neuroplasticity
- D. functionality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections in response to learning, experience, or injury. This adaptability allows the brain to compensate for damage and recover lost functions. Neuroplasticity is the basis for learning and memory and plays a crucial role in rehabilitation after brain injury. It highlights the brain's remarkable capacity for change and adaptation.