Nokea
The two regulatory systems of the body are the endocrine system and the .
- A. skeletal system
- B. immune system
- C. nervous system
- D. respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: nervous system. The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones, while the nervous system controls body functions through electrical impulses. Both systems coordinate and control various bodily functions. The skeletal system (A) supports and protects the body, the immune system (B) defends against pathogens, and the respiratory system (D) facilitates gas exchange. However, these systems do not primarily regulate and control bodily functions like the endocrine and nervous systems.
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A patient with Addison's disease comes to the emergency department with complaints of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. What collaborative care should the nurse expect?
- A. IV administration of vasopressors
- B. IV administration of hydrocortisone
- C. IV administration of D5W with 20 mEq KCl
- D. Parenteral injections of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Addison's disease, patients may experience adrenal crisis, requiring immediate administration of hydrocortisone to replace cortisol levels and manage the acute symptoms.
If the male labelled X is later mated to a black female, what ratio of coat colour would be expected in the offspring?
- A. all black
- B. all brown
- C. 3:1 brown: black
- D. 1:1 brown: black
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The male labeled X must carry both brown and black coat color genes as it is brown. When mated with a black female, the male will pass on either a brown or black gene to the offspring. This results in a 1:1 ratio of brown to black coat color in the offspring. All black (A) and all brown (B) are incorrect as the male carries both genes. The 3:1 ratio (C) is not applicable here as the male can pass on either brown or black gene equally.
Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland'?
- A. Pituitary
- B. Thyroid
- C. Thymus
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it plays a crucial role in regulating other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that control various bodily functions, such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism. The other choices, thyroid, thymus, and hypothalamus, are important glands as well, but they do not have the same broad control over the endocrine system as the pituitary gland. The thyroid regulates metabolism, thymus is involved in immune function, and hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst. However, none of these glands have the overall regulatory function and influence on other glands as the pituitary gland does.
The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes
- A. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
- B. human growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone
- C. prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone
- D. glucocorticoids and androgens
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The posterior pituitary gland stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
2. Oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions and milk ejection.
3. ADH regulates water balance by controlling urine concentration.
4. These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary.
5. Choice A is correct as it accurately identifies the hormones stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary.
Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect because human growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone are not stored or secreted by the posterior pituitary.
- Choice C is incorrect because prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary.
- Choice D is incorrect because glucocorticoids and androgens are not stored or secreted by the posterior pituitary.
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 6
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 2. The posterior pituitary produces two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin. Oxytocin is involved in childbirth and breastfeeding, while vasopressin helps regulate water balance in the body. Option A is incorrect because the posterior pituitary does produce hormones. Option B is incorrect as there are two hormones produced, not just one. Option D is incorrect as the posterior pituitary does not produce six hormones. In summary, the posterior pituitary gland produces two hormones, making option C the correct answer.