Nokea
The typical radiologic configuration in tetralogy of Fallot as seen in the anteroposterior view consists of all the following EXCEPT
- A. normal heart size
- B. some elevation of the cardiac apex
- C. convexity in the region of the main pulmonary artery
- D. right-sided aortic arch
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal heart size is not typical in tetralogy of Fallot.
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Which plan would be appropriate in helping to control congestive heart failure (CHF) in an infant?
- A. Promoting fluid restriction
- B. Feeding a low-salt formula
- C. Feeding in semi-Fowler position
- D. Encouraging breast milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Feeding in a more upright position helps fluid drain from the lungs, improving breathing and reducing cardiac workload.
The parent of a 1-year-old child with tetralogy of Fallot asks the nurse, “Why do my child’s fingertips look like that?†On what understanding does the nurse base a response?
- A. Clubbing occurs as a result of untreated congestive heart failure.
- B. Clubbing occurs as a result of a left-to-right shunting of blood.
- C. Clubbing occurs as a result of decreased cardiac output.
- D. Clubbing occurs as a result of chronic hypoxia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clubbing of the fingers develops in response to chronic hypoxia.
The following are examples of acquired heart disease. Select all that apply.
- A. Infective endocarditis
- B. Coarctation of the aorta
- C. Rheumatic fever (RF)
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acquired heart diseases include conditions that develop after birth, such as infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Coarctation of the aorta and transposition of the great vessels are congenital heart defects.
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- A. Causes LV outflow tract obstruction
- B. Occurs after adenoviral infection
- C. Commonly occurs in infancy
- D. Double apical impulse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy primarily causes left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Increased TSH is seen in a neonate with:
- A. Thyroxine insensitivity
- B. Iodine deficiency
- C. Hyperbilirubinaemia
- D. Thyroid agenesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine deficiency: Neonates with iodine deficiency often present with increased TSH levels as the body attempts to compensate for low thyroid hormone production.