Current Issues in Maternal Newborn Nursing

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The United States ranks poorly in terms of worldwide infant mortality rates. Which factor has the greatest impact on decreasing the mortality rate of infants?

  • A. Providing more women’sN sheRlterIs G B.C M U S N T O
  • B. Ensuring early and adequate prenatal care
  • C. Resolving all language and cultural differences
  • D. Enrolling pregnant women in the Medicaid program by their eighth month of pregnancy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensuring early and adequate prenatal care. Early and adequate prenatal care is crucial in identifying and addressing any potential health issues for both the mother and the baby, leading to healthier outcomes and a decrease in infant mortality rates. Providing more women's shelters (A) may help with social support but does not directly impact infant mortality rates. Resolving all language and cultural differences (C) is important for effective communication but does not directly impact infant mortality rates. Enrolling pregnant women in the Medicaid program (D) is beneficial for access to healthcare, but ensuring early and adequate prenatal care is more directly linked to decreasing infant mortality rates.

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Which condition or treatment reduces the risk of morbidity in women with the inherited factor V Leiden disorder?

  • A. Anticoagulant therapy
  • B. Pregnancy
  • C. Oral contraceptives
  • D. Hormone replacement therapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Factor V Leiden is the most common inherited risk factor for primary or recurrent venous thromboembolism. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that increases an individual's risk for blood clots in the legs and pulmonary emboli. This risk significantly increases if the woman is pregnant or is taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Prophylactic anticoagulation therapy decreases the risk of comorbidities.

In which step of the nursing process does the nurse determine the appropriate interventions for the identified nursing diagnosis?

  • A. Planning
  • B. Evaluation
  • C. Assessment
  • D. Intervention
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the nursing process, planning is the step where the nurse determines the appropriate interventions for the identified nursing diagnosis. Firstly, after assessing the patient's needs (Assessment), the nurse analyzes the data to identify nursing diagnoses. Next, in the Planning step, the nurse sets goals, establishes priorities, and decides on specific interventions to address the nursing diagnoses. This step involves developing a comprehensive care plan tailored to the individual patient's needs. Evaluation comes after the interventions are implemented to assess the effectiveness of the care provided. The Intervention step involves carrying out the planned interventions. Thus, the correct answer is A: Planning.

The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?

  • A. Radiation
  • B. Adjuvant systemic therapy
  • C. Hormonal therapy
  • D. Chemotherapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Radiation therapy is typically used after lumpectomy to treat early-stage breast cancer.

The nurse states to the newly pregnant patient, “Tell me how you feel about being pregnant.” Which communication technique is the nurse using with this patient?

  • A. Clarifying
  • B. Paraphrasing
  • C. Reflection
  • D. Structuring
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reflection. The nurse is using a reflection communication technique by restating the patient's feelings to show understanding and empathy. This helps the patient feel heard and validated. Clarifying (A) involves seeking more information, paraphrasing (B) involves restating the patient's words, and structuring (D) involves providing organization or direction. In this scenario, the nurse is not seeking more details (Clarifying), restating the patient's words exactly (Paraphrasing), or providing organization/direction (Structuring), but rather reflecting the patient's emotions back to them.

A 21-year-old client exhibits a greenish, copious, and malodorous discharge with vulvar irritation. A speculum examination and wet smear are performeWhich condition is this client most likely experiencing?

  • A. Bacterial vaginosis
  • B. Candidiasis
  • C. Yeast infection
  • D. Trichomoniasis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The greenish, copious, malodorous discharge with vulvar irritation points to trichomoniasis.

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