Nokea
The vascularization of the Fallopian tubes is provided by branches off the following artery:
- A. uterine;
- B. ovarian;
- C. external iliac;
- D. abdominal aorta;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: uterine artery. The uterine artery provides blood supply to the Fallopian tubes. It arises from the internal iliac artery and gives off branches that vascularize the tubes. The ovarian artery primarily supplies blood to the ovaries, not the Fallopian tubes. The external iliac artery supplies the lower extremities, not the reproductive organs. The abdominal aorta is a main artery that gives rise to multiple branches supplying various organs, but it does not directly supply the Fallopian tubes.
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Which of the following statements is incorrect.
- A. a female has approximately 2-4 million oocytes at birth
- B. a female has approximately 6 million oogonia during fetal development
- C. a female ovulates about 2,000 to 4,000 oocytes during her life
- D. only approximately 1-5 oocytes are fertilized
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a female actually ovulates only about 400-500 oocytes during her lifetime, not 2,000 to 4,000. This is due to the process of follicular atresia where many oocytes are lost before ovulation. Choice A is correct as females have a finite number of oocytes at birth. Choice B is correct as oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes during fetal development. Choice D is incorrect as typically only one oocyte is fertilized during each menstrual cycle.
Chronic cervicitis is treated with
- A. Antibiotics
- B. Antifungals
- C. Antivirals
- D. Anti-inflammatory drugs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotics are typically used to treat chronic cervicitis caused by bacterial infections.
Your 30 year old female patient is c/o bad-smelling vaginal discharge with mild itching for about 3 weeks. Douching did not help. Denies painful urination or intercourse. She noticed the smell increased after intercourse and during her period last week. There are no lesions on the perineum. No lymphadenopathy. On speculum examination, there is a thin gray-white discharge. The pH of the discharge is over 4.5 and there is a fishy odor when potassium hydroxide (KOH) is applied to the vaginal secretions on the slide. Wet prep shows epithelial cells with stippled border (clue cells). What type of vaginitis best describes the findings?
- A. Trichomonas vaginitis
- B. Candida vaginitis
- C. Bacterial vaginosis
- D. Atrophic vaginitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bacterial vaginosis. The key findings in this scenario point towards bacterial vaginosis. The presence of thin gray-white discharge, fishy odor with KOH, pH over 4.5, and clue cells on wet prep are classic for bacterial vaginosis. Trichomonas vaginitis (choice A) typically presents with yellow-green frothy discharge and motile trichomonads on microscopy. Candida vaginitis (choice B) is characterized by thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge and budding yeast or pseudohyphae on microscopy. Atrophic vaginitis (choice D) usually occurs in menopausal women due to estrogen deficiency and presents with thin, pale vaginal walls and vaginal dryness. In this case, the absence of these findings makes bacterial vaginosis the most likely diagnosis.
This tiny gland produces a secretion that is similar to a large lysosome and that cleanses the male urethra of assists penetration of the egg is called traces of acidic urine prior to the ________.
- A. flagellum
- B. prostate
- C. midpiece
- D. bulbo-urethral gland
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bulbo-urethral gland. This gland produces a clear secretion that neutralizes traces of acidic urine, lubricates the urethra, and assists in sperm motility. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Flagellum is a structure on sperm cells for propulsion.
B: Prostate produces seminal fluid but does not cleanse the urethra.
C: Midpiece is a part of the sperm cell that contains mitochondria for energy production, not a gland.
Which of the following is responsible for secondary sex characteristics in females?
- A. Estrogens
- B. Progesterone
- C. Follicl
- D. stimulating hormone (FSH)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Estrogens are responsible for secondary sex characteristics in females as they promote breast development, regulate the menstrual cycle, and contribute to the distribution of body fat. Progesterone mainly prepares the uterus for pregnancy. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a role in the development of ovarian follicles and the maturation of eggs but does not directly influence female secondary sex characteristics.