Nokea
Each menstrual cycle is considered as a period of ________
- A. 28 days
- B. 30 days
- C. 42 days
- D. 14 days
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 28 days because the average menstrual cycle length is typically around 28 days, although it can vary. The menstrual cycle consists of different phases such as menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase, which collectively last around 28 days on average. Choice B (30 days), C (42 days), and D (14 days) are incorrect because they do not represent the typical duration of a menstrual cycle. It's important to note that individual variations in cycle length are common, but 28 days is considered a standard reference point.
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Which structure is the site of sperm production?
- A. Vas deferens
- B. Seminiferous tubules
- C. Albuginea
- D. Epididymis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Seminiferous tubules. These tubules are located within the testes and are the specific structures where sperm production occurs through a process called spermatogenesis. Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules and then mature as they move through the epididymis (choice D) and vas deferens (choice A). The albuginea (choice C) is the tough outer covering of the testes and does not play a direct role in sperm production. Therefore, the seminiferous tubules are the primary site for sperm production in the male reproductive system.
Which of the following factors increase the risk of prostate cancer?
- A. A low-fat diet
- B. Alcohol and caffeine consumption
- C. Living an inactive lifestyle
- D. Smoking habits
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An inactive lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.
The main structures in erectile tissue responsible for maintaining an erection are the:
- A. pacinian corpuscles
- B. peripheral nerves
- C. helicine arteries
- D. Acrosome phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: helicine arteries. Helicine arteries are the main structures in erectile tissue responsible for maintaining an erection. They dilate in response to signals from the nervous system, allowing increased blood flow into the penis, leading to an erection. Pacinian corpuscles (A) are sensory receptors for touch and pressure, not involved in erectile function. Peripheral nerves (B) transmit signals between the brain and the penis but are not directly responsible for maintaining an erection. Acrosome phase (D) is a term related to sperm structure and not relevant to erectile tissue function.
A man who has been exposed to high levels of gamma radiation is sterile due to destruction of the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, although he has normal levels of testosterone. Which of the following would be found in this patient?
- A. Normal secretory pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- B. Normal levels of inhibin
- C. Suppressed levels of follicle-stimulating hormone
- D. Absence of Leydig cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: High levels of gamma radiation cause destruction of germinal epithelium, leading to infertility.
Step 2: Normal testosterone levels indicate intact Leydig cells, responsible for testosterone production.
Step 3: Normal secretory pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is expected as it regulates pituitary hormone secretion.
Step 4: Inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells (part of germinal epithelium) and would be decreased due to destruction.
Step 5: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels would be elevated, not suppressed, due to lack of inhibin feedback.
Step 6: Leydig cells are intact, so Leydig cells are not absent in this scenario.
The Luteinizing hormone acts on the interstitial cells to produce
- A. Androgen
- B. Estrogen
- C. Progestin
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Testosterone. The luteinizing hormone acts on the interstitial cells in the testes to stimulate the production of testosterone. Testosterone is a male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and characteristics. Androgen (choice A) is a broad term that includes testosterone, so it is not specific enough. Estrogen (choice B) and Progestin (choice C) are female sex hormones and are not produced by the interstitial cells in response to luteinizing hormone. Hence, the correct answer is D.