Nokea
Thirty-two units of Humulin insulin is ordered for the patient. The insulin is supplied in a multidose vial that is labeled 100 units/mL. How much insulin would be needed to treat this patient?
- A. 0.032 cc
- B. 0.32 cc
- C. 3.2 cc
- D. 32 cc
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cc is equivalent to an mL. There are 100 units in each cc. Divide that amount by 32 units for the answer (0.32 cc).
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Half-lives of hydrophilic beta-blockers tend to be longer than their lipophilic counterparts.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrophilic beta-blockers (e.g., atenolol) have longer half-lives due to renal elimination, unlike lipophilic ones (e.g., propranolol) metabolized by the liver.
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control in type 2 diabetes some form of insulin may be added to the treatment regimen to control blood glucose and limit complication risks. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?
- A. Premixed insulin analogues are better at lowering HbA1C and have less risk for hypoglycemia
- B. Premixed insulin analogues and the newer premixed insulins are associated with more weight gain than the oral antidiabetic agents
- C. Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering HbA1C and postprandial glucose levels than long-acting insulins
- D. Patients who are not controlled on oral agents and have postprandial hyperglycemia can have neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin added at bedtime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NPH at bedtime targets postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes; premixed insulins vary in efficacy.
Why is diclofenac combined with misoprostol?
- A. They are synergistic
- B. They are additive
- C. To reduce hepatic side effects
- D. To prevent diclofenac-related gastric ulcers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Misoprostol protects against diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers.
Which of the following diagnostic studies would NOT indicate a problem related to a reductase inhibitor?
- A. Elevated serum transaminase
- B. Increased serum creatinine
- C. Elevated creatinine kinase
- D. Increased white blood cell counts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: WBC elevation is unrelated to reductase inhibitors; others indicate liver, kidney, or muscle issues.
Chlorpropamide metabolism is enhanced by
- A. Ethyl alcohol
- B. Diazepam
- C. Lorazepam
- D. Chloridazepoxide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethyl alcohol induces hepatic enzymes, enhancing the metabolism of chlorpropamide, a sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug.