Nokea
Tick the substance which changes the activity of an effector element but doesn't belong to second messengers:
- A. cAMP
- B. cGMP
- C. G-protein
- D. Calcium ions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: G-protein is a transducer, not a second messenger, unlike cAMP, cGMP, and calcium.
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A nurse is assessing a client who takes Lithium Carbonate for the treatment of Bipolar disorder. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings as a possible indication of toxicity to this medication?
- A. Severe hypertension
- B. Coarse tremors
- C. Constipation
- D. Muscle spasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coarse tremors are a common sign of lithium toxicity, indicating neurological effects.
A 32-year-old woman is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. The nurse is developing a care plan for this patient. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis to help prevent medication errors?
- A. Dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility
- B. Ineffective self-health maintenance
- C. Risk for injury
- D. Deficient fluid volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolemia increases risk for injury from medication errors (e.g., overdose effects).
The nursing students are learning about the half-life of drugs. A student asks the instructor to explain half-life. What is the instructor's best response?
- A. Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half of the peak level it previously achieved.
- B. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for the drug to be metabolized by the body.
- C. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to reach peak level in the body.
- D. Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to reach half its potential peak level in the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half the peak level it previously achieved. Therefore Options B, C, and D are not correct.
When comparing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medications, which of the following holds true?
- A. Both have major issues with a dry, irritating cough
- B. Both contribute to some retention of potassium
- C. ARBs have a stronger impact on hypertension control than ACE medications
- D. ARBs have stronger diabetes mellitus renal protection properties than ACE medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Both ACEIs and ARBs cause potassium retention due to reduced aldosterone.
The nurse is checking the medical record of an assigned patient for medication orders. The nurse is unable to read the primary health care provider's handwriting. Which action would be most appropriate?
- A. The nurse should question the order with the primary health care provider.
- B. The nurse should try to interpret the handwriting.
- C. The nurse should confirm the order with a nearby health care provider.
- D. The nurse should obtain a verbal order.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Any order that is unclear, particularly due to illegible handwriting, should be questioned. The nurse should not try to interpret the handwriting as it may lead to a misinterpretation. The nurse should also not confirm the order with any other physician who is nearby. Administering drugs based on verbal orders is permissible only during emergencies.