Nokea
Which of the following is a stimulative mechanism of insulin secretion:
- A. Hyperglicemia and decrease of intracellular ATP
- B. Increase of intracellular ATP and opening of ATP-depended K+ channels
- C. Increase of intracellular ATP and closure of ATP-depended K+ channels
- D. Closure of potential depended Ca+2 channels
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin secretion is stimulated by increased ATP closing K+ channels, depolarizing beta cells and opening Ca2+ channels.
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A nurse in the post-anesthesia care unit is caring for a client who is experiencing malignant hyperthermia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Place a cooling blanket on the client.
- B. Administer oxygen at 100%.
- C. Administer iced 0.9% sodium chloride.
- D. Administer blood, 0.1% sodium chloride.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cooling , oxygen , iced saline , and temperature monitoring manage malignant hyperthermia.
When assessing a patient prior to starting a drug regimen it is often necessary to have a baseline kidney function study done. What might kidney impairment indicate in relation to drug therapy?
- A. Pharmacodynamics stable at the therapeutic dose
- B. Contraindication to the use of a drug
- C. Increased dosage of a drug
- D. Decreased adverse effects of a drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidney impairment may contraindicate certain drugs due to reduced clearance, risking toxicity.
Valerian tea causes relaxation and can be used to help a patient fall asleep. Overdosage of valerian (more than 2.5 gm/dose) may lead to:
- A. Cardiac disturbances
- B. Central nervous system depression
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Skin rashes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valerian overdose can cause cardiac disturbances due to its sedative effects.
The patient is prescribed a medication that was just placed in Phase IV study. The patient tells the nurse, This medication is too expensive. Could the doctor order a generic form of this medication? What is the nurses most accurate response?
- A. Medications are not produced in generic form until the patent expires, which normally takes several years.
- B. You can request the generic form but the binder used may make the drug less effective for this medication.
- C. The generic form of the medication would not be any less expensive because this is a relatively new medication.
- D. Generic medications are lower quality drugs and that would mean you would not be getting the best treatment available.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a new drug enters the market, it is given a time-limited patent; generic forms of the medication cannot be produced until the patent expires. Because no generic version of this drug will exist because it is so new, it is impossible to predict what binder will be used or what the cost would be.
When comparing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medications, which of the following holds true?
- A. Both have major issues with a dry, irritating cough
- B. Both contribute to some retention of potassium
- C. ARBs have a stronger impact on hypertension control than ACE medications
- D. ARBs have stronger diabetes mellitus renal protection properties than ACE medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Both ACEIs and ARBs cause potassium retention due to reduced aldosterone.