Nokea
To reduce potential adverse effects, patients taking a peripherally acting alpha1 antagonist should do all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. Take the dose at bedtime
- B. Sit up slowly and dangle their feet before standing
- C. Monitor their blood pressure and skip a dose if the pressure is less than 120/80
- D. Weigh daily and report weight gain of greater than 2 pounds in one day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skipping doses based on blood pressure is not recommended; it risks uncontrolled hypertension.
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When prescribing NSAIDS, a complete drug history should be conducted as NSAIDs interact with these drugs:
- A. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor
- B. Combined oral contraceptives
- C. Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine
- D. Warfarin, an anticoagulant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NSAIDs increase bleeding risk with warfarin; interactions with PPIs or contraceptives are less significant.
What is the mechanism of action of miglitol?
- A. Decreased glucagon release
- B. Increased insulin release
- C. Increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
- D. Inhibits intestinal brush border enzymes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Miglitol inhibits intestinal brush border enzymes, slowing carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
A nurse is teaching a client who has angina how to use nitroglycerin transdermal ointment. The nurse should include which of the following instructions?
- A. Remove the prior dose before applying a new dose.
- B. Rub the ointment directly into your skin until it is no longer visible.
- C. Cover the applied ointment with a clean gauze pad.
- D. Apply the ointment to the same skin area each time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Removing the prior dose prevents overdose and ensures accurate dosing.
Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
- A. Are Schedule III drugs in all states
- B. Should not be prescribed or recommended for children under 4 years of age
- C. Are effective in treating the congestion children experience with the common cold
- D. May cause drowsiness in patients of all ages
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pseudoephedrine is unsafe for children under 4 due to serious side effects; it's not Schedule III , variably effective in kids , or typically sedating .
In the presence of naloxone, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Naloxone by it self has no effect. Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?
- A. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist
- B. Morphine is a full agonist, and naloxone is a partial agonist
- C. Morphine is less efficacious than is naloxone
- D. Morphine is less potent than is naloxone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone shifts morphine's dose-response curve rightward (increased EC50), typical of competitive antagonism, with no intrinsic effect.