Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions

Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions Related

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Upon receiving report on a 36-week G1P0 patient, the nurse has been informed that the pregnancy is at high risk because the umbilical cords may become entangled. Which does the nurse understand about this pregnancy?

  • A. It is a diamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation.
  • B. It is a monoamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation.
  • C. It is a monoamnionic, dichorionic twin gestation.
  • D. It is a diamnionic, dichorionic twin gestation.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is a monoamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation. In this type of pregnancy, twins share the same amniotic sac (monoamnionic) and placenta (monochorionic). This situation increases the risk of cord entanglement, leading to potential complications. The other choices are incorrect because they do not describe a pregnancy with the same level of risk for cord entanglement. Choice A, diamnionic, monochorionic, implies two amniotic sacs, reducing the risk of cord entanglement. Choice C, monoamnionic, dichorionic, describes a less risky scenario with two separate placentas. Choice D, diamnionic, dichorionic, indicates two separate sacs and placentas, also reducing the risk of cord entanglement.

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With regard to prenatal genetic testing, nurses should be aware that:

  • A. Maternal serum screening can determine whether a pregnant woman is at risk of carrying a fetus with Down syndrome.
  • B. Carrier screening tests look for gene mutations of people already showing symptoms of a disease.
  • C. Predisposition testing predicts with near certainty that symptoms will appear.
  • D. Presymptomatic testing is used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Maternal serum screening identifies the risk for the neural tube defect and the specific chromosome abnormality involved in Down syndrome.

The nurse is answering a phone call from a pregnant person. The pregnant person informs the nurse she has had several sharp pains in the right lower abdomen this week. What is the priority question the nurse should ask the pregnant person?

  • A. How many weeks pregnant are you?
  • B. How much water are you drinking every day?
  • C. When was your last bowel movement?
  • D. Are you lactose intolerant?
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: How many weeks pregnant are you? This is the priority question because sharp pains in the right lower abdomen could indicate an ectopic pregnancy or appendicitis, both of which are serious conditions requiring immediate medical attention. Knowing the gestational age will help the nurse determine the likelihood of these complications.

Choice B: How much water are you drinking every day? is not the priority question as it is unlikely to be related to the sharp pains in the right lower abdomen.

Choice C: When was your last bowel movement? is not the priority question as it is not directly related to the sharp pains in the right lower abdomen.

Choice D: Are you lactose intolerant? is not the priority question as it is not likely to be the cause of sharp pains in the right lower abdomen for a pregnant person.

The upper uterus is the best place for the fertilized ovum to implant due to which anatomical adaptation?

  • A. Maternal blood flow is lower.
  • B. Placenta attaches most firmly.
  • C. Uterine endometrium is softer.
  • D. Developing baby is best nourishe
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the upper uterus provides the developing baby with the best nourishment due to increased blood flow and nutrient supply. This area allows for optimal growth and development of the fetus. Maternal blood flow is higher in the upper uterus, not lower (A). While the placenta attaches firmly in the upper uterus, it is not the main reason for the implantation site (B). The uterine endometrium is softer in the lower uterus, not the upper, making choice C incorrect. In summary, the upper uterus is ideal for implantation due to increased nourishment for the developing baby, making choice D the correct answer.

At which point in the pregnancy are alveoli formed and fetal breathing movements noted?

  • A. 12 weeks
  • B. 6 weeks
  • C. 20 weeks
  • D. 24 weeks
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (24 weeks) because alveoli formation and fetal breathing movements are typically observed during the late second trimester, around 24 weeks. At this stage, the lungs have developed sufficiently to support breathing outside the womb. Choices A (12 weeks), B (6 weeks), and C (20 weeks) are incorrect because alveoli formation and breathing movements do not occur as early as these time points in the pregnancy. Fetal breathing movements are a crucial sign of lung maturation and readiness for extrauterine life, which is why the correct answer is 24 weeks.

A new mother asks the nurse about the 'white substance' covering her infant. The nurse explains that the purpose of vernix caseosa is to:

  • A. Protect the fetal skin from amniotic fluid.
  • B. Promote normal peripheral nervous system development.
  • C. Allow transport of oxygen and nutrients across the amnion.
  • D. Regulate fetal temperature.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Vernix caseosa protects the fetal skin from prolonged exposure to amniotic fluid.

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