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What action should be taken by nurses in the local community regarding the trash in the stream?
- A. Hold a dialogue with community members about the problem and its effects
- B. Advocate for stronger littering laws and harsher penalties
- C. Educate community organizations about the importance of clean water for recreational activities
- D. Ensure personal trash is disposed of in appropriate receptacles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold a dialogue with community members about the problem and its effects. Nurses should engage in open communication with the community to raise awareness and understanding of the impact of trash in the stream. This approach promotes community involvement and empowers individuals to take responsibility for the issue.
B: Advocating for stronger littering laws and harsher penalties may not address the root cause of the problem and may not engage the community effectively.
C: Educating community organizations about the importance of clean water for recreational activities is important but may not directly involve the broader community in addressing the issue.
D: Ensuring personal trash is disposed of properly is important on an individual level but does not address the larger community-wide problem of trash in the stream.
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Identifying that numerous factors influence chronic illnesses such as hypertension, which of the following would be an upstream factor to enhance health outcomes for adults with hypertension in the community?
- A. Nutritional classes featuring low-fat and low-carb choices.
- B. Motivational interviewing sessions for smoking cessation.
- C. Working with the public health department to restrict smoking in public.
- D. Initiating chair yoga classes for seniors in the community.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because working with the public health department to restrict smoking in public is an upstream factor that addresses the root cause of hypertension by reducing exposure to a risk factor (smoking). This approach focuses on population-level interventions to prevent the development of chronic illnesses.
A is incorrect as nutritional classes address individual behaviors, not population-level factors. B focuses on individual behavior change related to smoking, which is downstream from the root cause of hypertension. D is also incorrect as chair yoga classes, while beneficial for seniors, do not address the underlying factors contributing to hypertension in the community.
Why is it difficult to get others interested in environmental health?
- A. Environmental problems are not perceived as interesting or dramatic.
- B. It is difficult to get the media interested.
- C. People respond more to an acute crisis than chronic environmental problems.
- D. People respond more to an individual asking for help than a community asking for help.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because people tend to respond more to immediate and acute crises rather than chronic environmental issues, which may not have immediate visible impacts. This is known as the "finite pool of worry" theory. People prioritize urgent problems over long-term issues. This is why it is difficult to get others interested in environmental health, as they may not perceive the gradual degradation of the environment as an urgent matter. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the fundamental psychological and behavioral aspect of human response to environmental issues.
What is the primary role of community health nurses in disaster preparedness?
- A. Developing emergency response plans
- B. Providing direct patient care
- C. Coordinating care among various providers
- D. Conducting health screenings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary role of community health nurses in disaster preparedness is developing emergency response plans. This is because they play a crucial role in planning and organizing community resources to effectively respond to disasters. Providing direct patient care (B) and conducting health screenings (D) are important activities but not the primary role in disaster preparedness. Coordinating care among various providers (C) is also significant, but developing emergency response plans takes precedence in ensuring a coordinated and efficient response during disasters.
What are the major risk factors common to the above mentioned 4 major NCDs?
- A. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking
- B. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and poor stress management
- C. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking
- D. Unhealthy diet, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Unhealthy diet contributes to conditions like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases.
Step 2: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers.
Step 3: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases.
Summary: B is incorrect as it mentions hypertension and poor stress management, which are not common to all 4 NCDs. C is incorrect as it includes obesity, not common to all 4 NCDs. D is incorrect as it includes alcoholism, which is not common to all 4 NCDs.
How does critical theory differ from other nursing theories such as the Health Belief Model or Orem's self-care deficit theory?
- A. Critical theory can be utilized by professionals other than nurses.
- B. Critical theory focuses on oppression and enables group action.
- C. Critical theory is indirectly associated with health promotion.
- D. Critical theory addresses challenging an individual's beliefs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. Critical theory focuses on analyzing power dynamics and social structures that lead to oppression within society.
2. It emphasizes enabling group action to challenge and transform these oppressive structures.
3. In nursing, critical theory promotes advocacy for marginalized populations and addressing social determinants of health.
4. Health Belief Model and Orem's theory focus more on individual behavior and self-care, whereas critical theory looks beyond individual actions to systemic issues.
Summary:
A - Incorrect. Critical theory is not exclusive to nurses; it can be utilized by professionals in various fields to address social injustices.
C - Incorrect. Critical theory is directly associated with health promotion through addressing social inequalities and advocating for social change.
D - Incorrect. While critical theory may challenge individual beliefs as part of addressing systemic issues, its primary focus is on social structures and group action.