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What advice should the nurse give a patient with irregular periods trying to conceive?
- A. Track ovulation using basal body temperature and ovulation kits.
- B. Increase carbohydrate intake to regulate cycles.
- C. Avoid exercise to prevent further irregularity.
- D. Undergo hormone therapy immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because tracking ovulation using basal body temperature and ovulation kits helps identify the most fertile days for conception. This method allows the patient to time intercourse effectively. Increasing carbohydrate intake (B) does not address the root cause of irregular periods. Avoiding exercise (C) is not recommended as moderate exercise can actually help regulate menstrual cycles. Undergoing hormone therapy immediately (D) is an aggressive approach and should only be considered after other options have been explored.
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A nurse is discussing fertility preservation options for a young woman undergoing cancer treatment. What should the nurse highlight?
- A. Embryo freezing is the only effective preservation method.
- B. Egg freezing is an option for women who are not ready to fertilize eggs.
- C. Fertility preservation must wait until cancer treatment is completed.
- D. No preservation methods exist for women in this situation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because egg freezing allows women to preserve their fertility before cancer treatment. It is a viable option for those not ready to fertilize eggs. Choice A is incorrect as embryo freezing is not the only method. Choice C is incorrect as fertility preservation should be discussed before cancer treatment. Choice D is incorrect as egg freezing is a valid preservation method.
Lori, who is 32 years old, is taking clomiphene citrate to induce ovulation and presents to the office for a vaginal ultrasound. She mentions experiencing abdominal bloating, nausea, and weight gain of 5 pounds over the past 12 hours. What condition do these symptoms indicate?
- A. Ovulation
- B. Premenstrual syndrome
- C. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- D. Failed ovulation induction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). OHSS is a potential complication of ovulation induction with medications like clomiphene citrate. The symptoms of abdominal bloating, nausea, and rapid weight gain indicate fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, a hallmark of OHSS. This occurs due to enlarged ovaries releasing excessive fluid into the abdomen. It is important to monitor patients like Lori closely for signs of OHSS to prevent severe complications.
Incorrect choices:
A: Ovulation - Symptoms described are not typical of normal ovulation.
B: Premenstrual syndrome - Symptoms are not consistent with typical PMS symptoms.
D: Failed ovulation induction - Symptoms of weight gain and bloating are not indicative of failed ovulation induction but rather a complication of the treatment.
The nurse is creating a pedigree from a client's family history. Which of the following symbols should the nurse use to represent a female?
- A. Circle.
- B. Square.
- C. Triangle.
- D. Diamond.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pedigrees, a circle represents a female.
A patient undergoing IVF asks about blastocyst transfer. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Blastocyst transfer occurs on the day of egg retrieval.
- B. It involves transferring embryos that have developed for 5 to 6 days.
- C. Blastocyst transfer guarantees pregnancy success.
- D. It is performed only when natural conception has failed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because blastocyst transfer typically occurs on day 5 or 6 after fertilization when the embryo has reached a more advanced stage of development. This increases the likelihood of successful implantation in the uterus. Choice A is incorrect because it does not align with the typical timeline of blastocyst transfer. Choice C is incorrect as pregnancy success is not guaranteed with blastocyst transfer, though it may improve the chances. Choice D is incorrect as blastocyst transfer is a standard procedure in IVF and not limited to cases where natural conception has failed.
A nurse has just taken a family history on a 10-week gravid client and created the family pedigree shown below. Each of the darkened symbols represents a person with a serious illness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time?
- A. Advise the woman that she should have an amniocentesis.
- B. Encourage the doctor to send her for genetic counseling.
- C. Ask the woman if she knew any of the relatives who died.
- D. Inform the woman that her pedigree appears normal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic counseling is warranted when a family history suggests inherited disorders.