What developments in the early 20th century encouraged women to seek hospitalization for childbirth? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Use of specialized obstetric instruments
- B. Use of anesthesia
- C. Physicians' closer relationships with hospitals
- D. Focus on family-centered care
- E. Insurance coverage
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: In the early 1900s, the development of specialized obstetric instruments, better modes of anesthesia, and the physician's reliance on hospital services were instrumental in encouraging women to seek hospitalization for childbirth.
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How does the clinical pathway or critical pathway improve quality of care?
- A. Lists diagnosis-specific implementations
- B. Outlines expected progress with stated timelines
- C. Prioritizes effective nursing diagnoses
- D. Describes common complications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Critical pathways outline expected progress with stated timelines. Any deviation from those timelines is called a variance.
How does electronic charting ensure comprehensive charting more effectively than handwritten charting?
- A. Provides a uniform style of chart.
- B. Requires certain responses before allowing the user to progress.
- C. All documentation is reflective of the nursing care plan.
- D. Requires a daily audit by the charge nurse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Comprehensive electronic documentation is ensured by requiring specific input in designated categories before the user can progress through the system.
What non-family-centered policies were prevalent in the 1960s? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Waiting room for fathers
- B. Sedation of mother during labor
- C. Delay of reunion of mother and infant
- D. Lenient visiting hours
- E. Restrictions of visitations by minor children
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Hospital policies in the 1960s provided a separate waiting room for fathers while the mother went through labor in a sedated state. The reunion of mother and infant was delayed for several hours because of the sedation. Visiting hours were rigid and disallowed the visitation of minor children.
What term appropriately describes the nurse who is able to adapt health care practices to meet the needs of various cultures?
- A. Culturally aware
- B. Culturally sensitive
- C. Culturally competent
- D. Culturally adaptive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse who is able to adapt health care to meet the needs of various cultures is said to be culturally competent.
A patient chooses to have the certified nurse-midwife (CNM) provide care during her pregnancy. What does the CNM's scope of practice include?
- A. Practice independent from medical supervision
- B. Comprehensive prenatal care
- C. Attendance at all deliveries
- D. Cesarean sections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The CNM provides comprehensive prenatal and postnatal care, attends uncomplicated deliveries, and ensures that a backup physician is available in case of unforeseen problems.
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