Immune System Quizlet

Immune System Quizlet Related

Review Immune System Quizlet related questions and content

What did Paul Ehrlich predict in immunology?

  • A. Existence of antibodies and their ability to bind toxins
  • B. Discovery of germ theory
  • C. Smallpox eradication
  • D. Development of vaccines
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Paul Ehrlich predicted the existence of antibodies and their ability to bind toxins. He introduced the concept of the side-chain theory, proposing that cells have specific receptors (later known as antibodies) that can bind to toxins and neutralize them. This groundbreaking idea laid the foundation for modern immunology. Ehrlich's work was instrumental in understanding the immune response and paved the way for advancements in vaccine development and disease treatment.

Choice B (Discovery of germ theory) is incorrect because it was proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, not Paul Ehrlich. Choice C (Smallpox eradication) is incorrect as Ehrlich did not predict smallpox eradication. Choice D (Development of vaccines) is incorrect because while Ehrlich's work contributed to vaccine development, his specific prediction was about antibodies and their toxin-binding ability, not vaccines in general.

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What is true about OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)?

  • A. Induces mainly an IgG response
  • B. Is currently the method of choice because considered safer than IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)
  • C. Induces mucosal immunity that blocks enteric infection and viral transmission
  • D. All of the above is true about OPV
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because OPV induces mucosal immunity that blocks enteric infection and viral transmission. This is crucial in preventing the spread of poliovirus through the fecal-oral route. Choice A is incorrect because OPV primarily induces an IgA response in the mucosal surfaces, not IgG. Choice B is incorrect because while OPV is effective, it carries a risk of vaccine-derived poliovirus, making IPV the preferred choice in some situations. Therefore, Choice C is the most accurate as it highlights the unique ability of OPV to induce mucosal immunity, which is essential for preventing poliovirus transmission.

What role do the B-complex vitamins play in wound healing?

  • A. Decrease metabolism
  • B. Protect protein from being used for energy
  • C. Provide metabolic energy for the inflammatory process
  • D. Coenzymes for fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: B-complex vitamins support energy production, which fuels the inflammatory and reparative processes during wound healing.

A client is being taught about the transmission of HIV and is taught that body fluids such as blood,semen and vaginal secretions can transmit the virus. What is the other body fluid that the HIV virus can be transmitted through?

  • A. Saliva
  • B. Tears
  • C. Sweat
  • D. Breast milk
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: HIV can be transmitted through breast milk,making it a risk factor for mother-to-child transmission.

Identify the following types of cells that do HIV preferentially infect.

  • A. Memory cells
  • B. Helper T cells
  • C. Cytotoxic T cells
  • D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Helper T cells. HIV preferentially infects Helper T cells because they express the CD4 receptor, which serves as the primary binding site for the virus. Once infected, HIV impairs the Helper T cells' function, leading to immune system dysfunction. Memory cells (A), Cytotoxic T cells (C), and Natural killer cells (D) are not the primary targets of HIV infection as they do not express the CD4 receptor necessary for HIV entry and replication. Helper T cells are crucial for orchestrating immune responses, making them the primary target for HIV infection.

What are the two main outcomes of clonal selection?

  • A. T cell activation and cytokine suppression
  • B. Differentiation into effector and memory cells
  • C. Pathogen destruction and tissue repair
  • D. Phagocytosis and complement activation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Differentiation into effector and memory cells. During clonal selection, activated lymphocytes undergo differentiation into effector cells that combat the current infection and memory cells that provide long-lasting immunity. Effector cells directly eliminate pathogens, while memory cells remember the specific pathogen for future encounters. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the main outcomes of clonal selection. T cell activation and cytokine suppression (A) are processes involved in immune response regulation rather than the direct outcomes of clonal selection. Pathogen destruction and tissue repair (C) are broader immune responses that occur after clonal selection. Phagocytosis and complement activation (D) involve innate immune responses, not the adaptive immune responses seen in clonal selection.

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