Nokea
What does the lipid solubility of the drug influence?
- A. Absorption of the drug
- B. Metabolism of the drug
- C. Excretion of the drug
- D. Distribution of the drug
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Factors that can affect distribution include the drug's lipid solubility and ionization and the perfusion of the reactive tissue. The lipid solubility of a drug does not influence absorption, metabolism, or excretion.
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Tick the second messenger of G-protein-coupled (metabotropic) receptor:
- A. Adenylyl cyclase
- B. Sodium ions
- C. Phospholipase C
- D. cAMP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: cAMP is a classic second messenger generated by G-protein-coupled receptors via adenylyl cyclase.
As a clinical consultant for the Breathright drug research firm, you are given the task of using an in vitro assay to screen ten thousand drug analogs to find the most potent beta-2 receptor agonist. When analysing your data, the biomarker that you should screen for is:
- A. E max
- B. Emax
- C. EC50
- D. Half life
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Potency is measured by EC50 (dose producing 50% of max effect); lower EC50 indicates higher potency.
Levetiracetam has known drug interactions with:
- A. Combined oral contraceptives
- B. Carbamazepine
- C. Warfarin
- D. Few, if any, drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Levetiracetam has minimal drug interactions due to its unique metabolism.
A patient is ordered to receive a subcutaneous injection of heparin twice a day. When administering this drug to the patient, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do to minimize tissue damage?
- A. Insert the needle at the appropriate angle.
- B. Select the needle length based on the patient's weight.
- C. Ensure that there is no hair on the injection site.
- D. Rotate the injection site regularly.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should rotate the injection sites to minimize the damage caused to the tissue. Inserting the needle at the proper angle and selecting the needle length based on the patient's weight will not significantly help in minimizing tissue damage if the same site is repeatedly injected. It is not necessary to avoid injection sites that have hair as long as the drug is administered in the upper arms, the upper abdomen, and the upper back.
It is often necessary to obtain baseline data prior to initiating many forms of drug therapy. These baseline data include what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Education level
- B. Allergies
- C. wealth
- D. Number of members in family
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergies and drug use directly impact therapy safety and efficacy; education and family size are less relevant.