Endocrine System Test Questions

Endocrine System Test Questions Related

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What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid-base hormones?

  • A. Iron
  • B. Calcium
  • C. Sodium
  • D. Chlorine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium. Calcium ions are commonly used as second messengers for amino acid-base hormones due to their ability to trigger various cellular responses. When the hormone binds to its receptor on the cell surface, it activates specific signaling pathways that lead to an increase in intracellular calcium levels. This rise in calcium ions then initiates downstream signaling cascades, ultimately regulating processes such as gene expression, cell growth, and metabolism.

Choice A - Iron: Iron is not typically involved in signaling pathways for amino acid-base hormones. It is more commonly known for its role in oxygen transport and storage in hemoglobin.

Choice C - Sodium: While sodium ions play essential roles in cellular functions, they are not typically utilized as second messengers for amino acid-base hormones. Sodium is more commonly associated with maintaining cell membrane potential and fluid balance.

Choice D - Chlorine: Chlorine ions are not typically involved in signaling pathways for amino acid-base hormones. Chlorine is primarily known for its role in maintaining

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The superior suprarenal artery arises from:

  • A. Abdominal aorta
  • B. Inferior phrenic artery
  • C. Renal artery
  • D. Superior mesenteric artery
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inferior phrenic artery. The superior suprarenal artery arises from the inferior phrenic artery, which supplies blood to the adrenal gland. The inferior phrenic artery originates from the abdominal aorta, near the celiac trunk. It is important to note that the adrenal glands receive blood supply from multiple sources, including the inferior phrenic artery. The other choices (A: Abdominal aorta, C: Renal artery, D: Superior mesenteric artery) do not directly supply blood to the adrenal glands, making them incorrect options.

Virilization is characterized by:

  • A. excess facial hair.
  • B. buffalo hump.
  • C. truncal obesity.
  • D. gonadal atrophy.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: excess facial hair. Virilization refers to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics in females due to increased androgen levels. Excess facial hair, known as hirsutism, is a classic sign of virilization. Buffalo hump (B) and truncal obesity (C) are associated with Cushing's syndrome, not virilization. Gonadal atrophy (D) refers to the shrinkage of the gonads and is not a typical feature of virilization.

A nurse working in an outpatient clinic plans a screening program for diabetes. What recommendations for screening should be included?

  • A. OGTT for all minority populations every year
  • B. FPG for all individuals at age 45 and then every 3 years
  • C. Testing people under the age of 21 for islet cell antibodies
  • D. Testing for type 2 diabetes in all overweight or obese individuals
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) should be tested for all individuals at age 45 and every 3 years thereafter.

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

  • A. To digest proteins
  • B. To digest carbohydrates
  • C. Temporary store of food
  • D. To neutralize alkali from the mouth
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To digest carbohydrates. The stomach primarily digests proteins through the action of pepsin and hydrochloric acid. Carbohydrates are primarily broken down in the mouth by salivary amylase, not in the stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the stomach does play a role in digesting proteins, temporarily storing food, and neutralizing alkali from the mouth, respectively.

Drug X causes an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate when administered to a patient intravenously. If an antagonist at ganglionic nicotinic receptors is administered first, drug X causes an increase in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. Drug X most likely is

  • A. Propranolol
  • B. Norepinephrine
  • C. Isoproterenol
  • D. Terbutaline
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Norepinephrine. When an antagonist at ganglionic nicotinic receptors is administered, it blocks the inhibitory effect on sympathetic tone. Since norepinephrine is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that increases blood pressure and heart rate, it is likely that Drug X is norepinephrine. Propranolol (A) is a beta-blocker that decreases heart rate, Isoproterenol (C) is a beta-agonist that increases heart rate, and Terbutaline (D) is a beta-agonist that also increases heart rate. These choices do not align with the observed effects of Drug X when the ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonist is administered.

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