Cardiovascular System Practice Exam

Cardiovascular System Practice Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Practice Exam related questions and content

What is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small airways in the lungs, leading to episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing?

  • A. Asthma
  • B. COPD
  • C. Bronchitis
  • D. Lung cancer
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small airways in the lungs, causing symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing. The inflammation in the airways leads to narrowing and constriction, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of asthma. Asthma is typically triggered by various factors such as allergens, pollutants, exercise, or infections.

Summary of other choices:
B: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a different condition characterized by irreversible airflow limitation due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
C: Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viral infections or smoking, but it does not specifically target the small airways like asthma.
D: Lung cancer is a malignancy that arises in the lungs and is not primarily associated with chronic inflammation of the small airways as seen in asthma.

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The nurse is giving a client an IV bolus of heparin. What is the most important nursing action?

  • A. Monitor the client's heart rate.
  • B. Check the client's blood pressure.
  • C. Check for signs of bleeding.
  • D. Monitor the client's respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor the client's heart rate. When administering an IV bolus of heparin, it is crucial to monitor the client's heart rate because heparin can cause serious side effects such as bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which can lead to changes in heart rate. Checking blood pressure (B) is also important but not as critical as monitoring heart rate. Checking for signs of bleeding (C) is necessary but should be done after monitoring the heart rate. Monitoring the client's respiratory rate (D) is not directly related to heparin administration.

Identify the three layers of the heart:

  • A. Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
  • B. Epicardium, Pericardium, Endocardium
  • C. Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium
  • D. Pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Endocardium: Innermost layer lining the heart chambers.
2. Myocardium: Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle tissue.
3. Epicardium: Outermost layer forming the visceral pericardium.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Summary:
B is incorrect as it includes Pericardium instead of Myocardium.
C is incorrect as it switches the positions of Myocardium and Epicardium.
D is incorrect as it has the layers listed in the wrong order and includes Pericardium as the innermost layer.

Which condition is characterized by the lungs becoming scarred and stiff, leading to difficulty breathing and inadequate oxygen intake into the bloodstream?

  • A. Pulmonary fibrosis
  • B. Cystic fibrosis
  • C. COPD
  • D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by scarring and stiffening of the lungs, impairing their ability to expand and contract properly for breathing. This leads to difficulty breathing and inadequate oxygen intake into the bloodstream. In contrast, cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems, COPD is a progressive lung disease primarily caused by smoking, and tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is A because it specifically describes the scarring and stiffness of the lungs resulting in breathing difficulties and inadequate oxygen intake.

Which medication is used to lower high blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes?

  • A. ACE inhibitor
  • B. Beta-blocker
  • C. Diuretic
  • D. Calcium channel blocker
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ACE inhibitor. ACE inhibitors work by dilating blood vessels to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes. They also help protect the heart and improve its function. Beta-blockers (B) lower heart rate, diuretics (C) reduce fluid retention, and calcium channel blockers (D) relax blood vessels, but they do not offer the same comprehensive benefits for high blood pressure and cardiovascular health as ACE inhibitors.

The client is receiving digoxin and complains of nausea. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Check the client's digoxin level.
  • B. Continue the current dose of digoxin.
  • C. Administer an antiemetic for nausea.
  • D. Discontinue the digoxin immediately.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the client's digoxin level. The priority action is to assess the digoxin level to determine if it is within the therapeutic range, as nausea can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. Checking the level will guide further actions. Continuing the dose without assessment (B) may worsen toxicity. Administering an antiemetic (C) only addresses the symptom, not the underlying cause. Discontinuing digoxin immediately (D) without assessing the level can be harmful if the client actually needs the medication.

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