Nokea
What is the best initial action for the nurse to take?
- A. Try to have the client breathe slower or
- B. Give O2 via nasal cannula into the paper bag
- C. Administer sodium bicarbonate
- D. Monitor the client's fluid balance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best initial action for the nurse to take when a client is experiencing hyperventilation is to try to have the client breathe slower. This is because hyperventilation is often caused by rapid, shallow breathing and slowing down the breathing pattern can help restore normal gas exchange and alleviate symptoms. Providing oxygen via a nasal cannula or administering sodium bicarbonate would not directly address the underlying issue of hyperventilation. Monitoring fluid balance is important for overall assessment but not the priority when dealing with acute respiratory distress due to hyperventilation.
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You are evaluating a 6-mo-old girl with a firm right suprarenal mass. Histologically, there is no bony involvement, 10% bone marrow involvement, subcutaneous nodules involvement, and massive abdominal mass. The N-myc oncogene is not amplified. According to the international neuroblastoma staging system, the infant is stratified as
- A. stage I
- B. stage II A
- C. stage III
- D. stage IV S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage IV S refers to infants <1 year with localized primary tumor, distant metastases limited to liver, skin, or bone marrow (with <10% involvement), and no amplification of N-myc.
A healthy 20-day-old male examination reveals a palpable liver margin below the right costal margin; lab findings: white blood count, 18700/mm3; hemoglobin, 8.8 g/dl; blast cells, 10%; the BEST approach for the management is consistent with acute myeloproliferative disorder
- A. intensive chemotherapy
- B. low dose chemotherapy pulses
- C. bone marrow transplantation
- D. close follow up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive chemotherapy is the standard approach for managing acute myeloproliferative disorders.
When a patient participates in a research study, the pediatric nurse's primary concern is to ensure that the:
- A. parent or guardian has given verbal consent for the patient's participation.
- B. quality of care that the patient receives will not be affected if the patient chooses to withdraw from the study.
- C. research meets the developmental needs of the patient.
- D. research will directly benefit the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring that the quality of care remains unaffected regardless of the patient's participation status is paramount to ethical research practices.
A 2-year-old child presents with a peeling, erythematous rash on the hands and feet. The mother reports that he has become ill tempered and refuses to walk about, preferring to lie in bed. Physical examination reveals an irritable, pale child with photophobia. Temperature is 98.5°F, heart rate is 80/minute, and respiratory rate is 23/minute. Tremor of the tongue is evident. Further history and follow-up evaluation reveal that the child's elder brothers have been playing with liquid mercury. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Measles
- B. Fifth disease
- C. Kawasaki disease
- D. Acrodynia
Correct Answer: D
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The clue to need a help for a child who does not respond to his or her name is by age of
- A. 6 months
- B. 8 months
- C. 10 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By 12 months, a child should respond to their name; if not, it may indicate a developmental concern.