Nokea
What is the most abundant type of cell in the epidermis?
- A. Osteocytes.
- B. Chondroblasts.
- C. Keratinocytes.
- D. Melanocytes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
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Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?
- A. Nuclear membrane.
- B. Cell’s cytoplasm.
- C. Cell membrane.
- D. Cell wall.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Why are the hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes from the stomach unable to digest the stomach itself?
- A. The digestive enzymes in the stomach are too weak.
- B. Rugae lining of the stomach Is too tough to be attacked by digestive enzymes.
- C. Stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
- D. Stomach wall is composed of substances other than protein.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
- A. To digest food
- B. To control body movement
- C. To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- D. To circulate blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to transport oxygen from the air into the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Oxygen is necessary for cells to produce energy through a process called cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be eliminated. Therefore, the correct answer is C, 'To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.' Digesting food (choice A) is the primary function of the digestive system, controlling body movement (choice B) is the role of the muscular system, and circulating blood (choice D) is the function of the circulatory system.
Which muscle of the quadriceps group is located on the lateral surface of the lower extremity?
- A. Vastus lateralis
- B. Gastrocnemius
- C. Anterior tibialis
- D. Rectus femoris
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vastus lateralis. The vastus lateralis is a muscle of the quadriceps group that is situated on the lateral side of the lower extremity. It is responsible for extending the knee joint. Gastrocnemius (choice B) is a muscle located in the calf, Anterior tibialis (choice C) is a muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg, and Rectus femoris (choice D) is a muscle of the quadriceps group but is not located on the lateral surface of the lower extremity. Therefore, they do not match the description provided in the question and are incorrect choices.
What are the functional units of the kidney?
- A. Ureters
- B. Glomeruli
- C. Nephrons
- D. Renal capsules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid balance, and forming urine. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body. Ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not the functional units. Glomeruli are part of the nephron structure, specifically involved in the initial filtration of blood. Renal capsules are outer coverings of the kidney and do not serve as the functional units responsible for kidney function.