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What is the most common cause of dementia?
- A. Multi infarct
- B. Medications
- C. Alzheimer's disease
- D. Parkinson disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.
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Because thin skin and lack of subcutaneous fat predisposes the older adult to pressure injuries, the nurse alters the care plan to include turning the bedfast patient how often?
- A. Once every shift
- B. Every 4 hours
- C. Each evening
- D. Every 2 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pressure injuries can be avoided by repositioning the patient every 2 hours.
Which approaches should be included when teaching medication safety to an older, homebound adult?
- A. Always dispose of expired medications in the toilet or the sink; never throw them in the trash can.
- B. Never share medications with others.
- C. If a medication is not finished as prescribed, save it for future use.
- D. Keep medications in their original containers.
- E. Always request childproof containers, even if the patient has trouble opening the lids.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Expired medications should always be disposed of in the toilet or sink; they should never be thrown in the trash where they could be retrieved by others. Medications should never be shared with anyone else. Medications should always be stored in their original containers. A prescription should always be taken as prescribed by the health care provider. Medications should never be saved for future use. If an older adult has trouble opening childproof medication containers, he should request non-childproof lids.
The nurse is assisting an older adult patient out of bed when suddenly the patient begins to fall. What is the likely cause of the fall?
- A. Fever
- B. Orthostatic hypotension
- C. Dehydration
- D. A decrease in venous return
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension occurs when the patient changes position. In the older adult, the loss of elasticity in the vessels slows the vascular accommodation to sudden postural changes to a standing position.
What is age-related vision change caused by the loss of elasticity of the lens called?
- A. Nearsightedness
- B. Cataracts
- C. Presbyopia
- D. Blepharitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Age-related changes include presbyopia and farsightedness resulting from a loss of elasticity of the lens. Cataracts are due to opacity of the lens.
At mealtime, the older adult seems to be eating less food than would be adequate. Compared to the younger adult, what is a requirement for the older adult?
- A. More fluids
- B. Less calcium
- C. Fewer calories
- D. More vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The older adult requires 30 calories per kilogram of body weight, whereas the younger adult requires 40 calories.