Nokea
What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?
- A. dermis
- B. epidermis
- C. subcutaneous tissue
- D. hypodermis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'epidermis.' The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a protective barrier against environmental factors and regulating water loss. The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and contains important structures like blood vessels and glands. Subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis, is located below the dermis and serves functions such as insulation and energy storage.
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Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select the ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Supporting the body
- B. Hemopoiesis
- C. Conducting impulses
- D. Providing protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Conducting impulses.' The skeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body to maintain posture and provide structure, facilitating movement, protecting internal organs, and producing blood cells through hemopoiesis. Conducting impulses is a function of the nervous system, not the skeletal system.
Where in the human body are most nutrients absorbed?
- A. Kidney.
- B. Large intestine.
- C. Lungs.
- D. Small Intestine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
- A. Smooth Muscle
- B. Skeletal Muscle
- C. Cardiac Muscle
- D. Elastic Muscle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac Muscle. Cardiac muscle tissue is specifically found in the heart and is responsible for its involuntary contractions to pump blood throughout the body. Cardiac muscle has unique features that enable synchronized contractions, essential for maintaining the heart's function, unlike skeletal and smooth muscles.
Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. adrenal gland
- C. testes
- D. pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain located below the thalamus that plays a crucial role in controlling the pituitary gland. It releases hormones that either stimulate or inhibit hormone production in the pituitary gland, thus regulating various bodily functions. The adrenal gland, testes, and pancreas do not directly control the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
Where are all the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein routed for processing?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Pancreas
- C. Spleen
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed to the liver for processing. The liver is responsible for detoxifying and metabolizing substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before they enter the systemic circulation. It filters and processes nutrients, drugs, and toxins, ensuring that only safe and usable substances are distributed throughout the body.