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What is the process of cells restoring damaged or lost tissues called?
- A. Cell division
- B. Cell differentiation
- C. Cell growth
- D. Cell regeneration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
A) Cell division refers to the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells.
B) Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.
C) Cell growth is the increase in cell size or number.
D) Cell regeneration is the process of cells restoring damaged or lost tissues by replacing or repairing the damaged cells. This process is essential for healing wounds and maintaining tissue integrity.
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Which of the following is a common property of both acids and bases?
- A. React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- B. Taste sour
- C. Turn blue litmus paper red
- D. Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Both acids and bases can conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Acids ionize in water to produce H+ ions, which can carry an electric current, while bases ionize to produce OH- ions, which also conduct electricity. The other options are not common properties of both acids and bases. Reacting with metals to produce hydrogen gas is characteristic of acids, tasting sour is a property of acids, and turning blue litmus paper red is a property of bases, not a common property shared by both.
Which of the following is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Small intestine
- C. Large intestine
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals occurs. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. While the stomach plays a role in breaking down food into smaller particles, the actual absorption of nutrients primarily takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones but is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients.
Which property of a wave is measured in Hertz (Hz)?
- A. Amplitude
- B. Wavelength
- C. Speed
- D. Frequency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequency is the property of a wave that is measured in Hertz (Hz). It represents the number of complete cycles of the wave that occur in one second. Amplitude refers to the height of the wave, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points on a wave that are in phase, and speed is the rate at which the wave travels through a medium. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency as it directly corresponds to the unit Hertz (Hz) used to measure the number of wave cycles per second.
Imagine you have an element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40. How many neutrons does it have?
- A. 20
- B. 40
- C. 10
- D. 20
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: - The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom. In this case, the atomic number is 20.
- The mass number (A) represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. In this case, the mass number is 40.
- To find the number of neutrons, you subtract the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number.
- Neutrons = 40 - 20 = 20.
- Therefore, the element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40 has 20 neutrons.
Which of the following substances can donate a hydroxide ion (OH-) in solution?
- A. Salt
- B. Base
- C. Neutral compound
- D. Dehydrating agent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Base. A base is a substance that can donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Bases increase the concentration of hydroxide ions by either accepting protons (H+) or donating hydroxide ions. Salts are ionic compounds made of cations and anions, which do not directly donate hydroxide ions. Neutral compounds do not significantly affect the concentration of hydroxide ions. Dehydrating agents are substances that remove water molecules from other compounds, unrelated to donating hydroxide ions.