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What is the purpose of tracking cervical mucus changes during the menstrual cycle?
- A. To identify signs of infection.
- B. To monitor hormone levels.
- C. To predict ovulation.
- D. To determine the luteal phase length.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The purpose of tracking cervical mucus changes during the menstrual cycle is to predict ovulation. Cervical mucus consistency changes throughout the cycle, becoming clear and stretchy around ovulation. This method helps determine the most fertile days for conception. Monitoring hormone levels (B) requires blood tests. Identifying signs of infection (A) involves different symptoms. Determining luteal phase length (D) usually requires tracking basal body temperature.
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A patient is being interviewed by the nurse. During the family history assessment, the patient reports having had relatives with cancer. Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. Complete a pedigree, noting the types of cancer and which relatives were affected.
- B. Ask whether the cancer was in male or female relatives.
- C. Determine whether the cancer reported in the family history is pertinent to the patient's personal medical history.
- D. Schedule a consult with a genetic counselor to further assess the patient's risk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Completing a pedigree allows for a visual representation of the family's health history.
2. Noting the types of cancer and affected relatives helps identify patterns and potential genetic risks.
3. This response demonstrates a proactive approach to understanding the patient's genetic predispositions.
Summary of other choices:
B: Asking about the gender of affected relatives does not provide as much detailed information about the types of cancer or specific family members affected.
C: Determining relevance to personal history is important, but a pedigree provides a broader picture for risk assessment.
D: Referring to a genetic counselor may be necessary but completing a pedigree first helps gather essential information for a more informed consultation.
A female client seeks care at an infertility clinic. Which of the following tests may the client undergo to determine what, if any, infertility problem she may have? Select all that apply.
- A. Chorionic villus sampling.
- B. Endometrial biopsy.
- C. Hysterosalpingogram.
- D. Serum progesterone assay.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tests like endometrial biopsy, hysterosalpingogram, and serum progesterone assay help diagnose infertility causes.
The genetic counselor informs a couple that they have a 25% probability of getting pregnant with a child with a severe genetic disease. The couple asks the nurse exactly what that means. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Their first child will have the genetic disease.
- B. If they have four children
- C. one of the children will have the disease.
- D. Their fourth child will have the genetic disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 25% probability applies independently to each pregnancy.
A nurse is discussing fertility preservation options with a patient undergoing cancer treatment. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Cryopreservation of eggs or embryos is an effective option before starting treatment.
- B. Fertility preservation is only possible after cancer treatment is completed.
- C. Fertility preservation guarantees future pregnancy success.
- D. Only sperm banking is available as a preservation method.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cryopreservation of eggs or embryos is an effective option before starting treatment. This is because fertility preservation should ideally be done before cancer treatment to maximize the chances of success. Freezing eggs or embryos before treatment can help preserve fertility potential.
B: Fertility preservation after cancer treatment may not be as successful due to the potential damage caused by the treatment.
C: Fertility preservation does not guarantee future pregnancy success as it depends on various factors including the patient's age and overall health.
D: Sperm banking is not the only available preservation method. Egg or embryo cryopreservation is also an option for female patients.
A 36-year-old female patient presents to the reproductive medicine clinic for a follow-up appointment. Laboratory results indicate diminished ovarian reserve, and her partner's semen analysis is normal. Which infertility options may be appropriate for this client?
- A. Donor oocytes
- B. Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate
- C. Follitropin injections to stimulate ovarian follicles
- D. In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Donor oocytes. Diminished ovarian reserve implies reduced quantity and quality of eggs, making natural conception challenging. Donor oocytes offer a viable option for achieving pregnancy.
B: Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate may not be effective if ovarian reserve is significantly diminished.
C: Follitropin injections stimulate the patient's own ovarian follicles, which may not be successful if ovarian reserve is low.
D: In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer require viable eggs from the patient, which may be limited in cases of diminished ovarian reserve.