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What laboratory test results should the nurse expect to find in a patient with cirrhosis?
- A. Serum albumin: 7.0 g/dL (70 g/L)
- B. Total bilirubin: 3.2 mg/dL (54.7 mmol/L)
- C. Serum cholesterol: 260 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L)
- D. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 6.0 U/L (0.1 mkat/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In cirrhosis, the serum albumin level is typically low, and total bilirubin is often elevated due to impaired liver function.
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Following a hemorrhoidectomy, what should the nurse advise the patient to do?
- A. Use daily laxatives to facilitate bowel emptying.
- B. Use ice packs to the perineum to prevent swelling.
- C. Avoid having a bowel movement for several days until healing occurs.
- D. Take warm sitz baths several times a day to promote comfort and cleaning.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sitz baths help reduce pain and swelling, promote comfort, and support wound healing after a hemorrhoidectomy.
Priority Decision: A patient with esophageal cancer is scheduled for a partial esophagectomy. Which nursing intervention is likely to be of highest priority preoperatively?
- A. Practice turning and deep breathing.
- B. Brush the teeth and mouth well each day.
- C. Encourage a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
- D. Teach about postoperative tubes and cares.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-calorie, high-protein diet is important preoperatively to optimize nutritional status before surgery.
Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the duodenum?
- A. glucose
- B. iron
- C. sodium
- D. water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: iron. Iron is mainly absorbed in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. Here's the rationale:
1. Duodenum is where iron absorption begins.
2. Iron is absorbed through the duodenal mucosal cells.
3. The acidic environment in the duodenum enhances iron absorption.
4. Other nutrients like glucose are mainly absorbed in the small intestine but not specifically in the duodenum.
5. Sodium and water are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, with water being absorbed throughout the digestive tract.
The mucosal cells of the human colon perform the following functions:
- A. Converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids
- B. Converting bilirubin into stercobilinogen +
- C. Absorption of Na
- D. Absorption of aromatic amino acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The mucosal cells of the colon absorb Na to maintain electrolyte balance.
2. Na absorption is crucial for water reabsorption.
3. This process helps regulate stool consistency and prevent dehydration.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Bile acid conversion primarily occurs in the liver.
B: Incorrect - Bilirubin breakdown mainly occurs in the liver and intestines.
D: Incorrect - Aromatic amino acid absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.
Which of the following is not a part of the digestive system?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. absorption-neet-mcq/ 8/13 1/17/25, 2:54 PM Digestion and Absorption NEET MCQ 2024
- D. Lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lungs. The lungs are not a part of the digestive system. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, absorbing those nutrients, and eliminating waste. The lungs are part of the respiratory system, responsible for gas exchange. Liver (A) and gallbladder (B) are both part of the digestive system, aiding in digestion and nutrient absorption. Absorption (C) is a process within the digestive system, not a separate entity. In summary, the lungs do not play a role in the digestion process, making them the correct answer choice.