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What should the nurse admitting a patient with acute diverticulitis plan for initial care?
- A. Administer IV fluids.
- B. Prepare for colonoscopy.
- C. Encourage a high-fiber diet.
- D. Give stool softeners and enemas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer IV fluids. Initial care for acute diverticulitis involves IV fluids to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance, as patients often have nausea, vomiting, and decreased oral intake. IV fluids help prevent dehydration and support the body during the acute phase of the condition. Options B, C, and D are incorrect. Colonoscopy is contraindicated during acute diverticulitis due to the risk of perforation. High-fiber diet and stool softeners/enemas are not recommended initially as they can worsen symptoms and increase the risk of complications.
You may also like to solve these questions
Gastrin secretion will stop when the stomach pH reaches _____.
- A. 7
- B. 4.5
- C. 1.5
- D. 3
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 3. Gastrin secretion is stimulated by low pH levels in the stomach. When the stomach pH drops below 3, gastrin secretion is triggered to increase stomach acid production. Once the stomach pH reaches around 3, a negative feedback mechanism is activated to stop gastrin secretion and prevent excessive acid production. Choices A (7), B (4.5), and C (1.5) are incorrect because gastrin secretion is actually inhibited by higher pH levels, not when the pH reaches neutral (7), slightly acidic (4.5), or extremely acidic (1.5) levels. The key here is to understand the physiological response of gastrin secretion to pH levels in the stomach.
A patient receives atropine, an anticholinergic drug, in preparation for surgery. The nurse expects this drug to affect the GI tract by doing what?
- A. Increasing gastric emptying
- B. Relaxing pyloric and ileocecal sphincters
- C. Decreasing secretions and peristaltic action
- D. Stimulating the nervous system of the GI tract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreasing secretions and peristaltic action. Atropine, as an anticholinergic drug, inhibits the action of acetylcholine, leading to decreased secretions and peristaltic movement in the GI tract. This results in reduced motility and secretion production.
A: Increasing gastric emptying - This is incorrect because atropine actually slows down gastric emptying by reducing peristaltic action.
B: Relaxing pyloric and ileocecal sphincters - This is incorrect because atropine does not directly relax these sphincters.
D: Stimulating the nervous system of the GI tract - This is incorrect because atropine inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to decreased GI tract activity.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. The type of foods I eat does not affect this condition.'
- B. I will sleep on my left side.'
- C. I will eat a snack just before going to bed.'
- D. I will sleep with the head of my bed elevated.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Elevating the head of the bed helps prevent acid reflux by keeping the stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus while sleeping. This position helps gravity keep the acid in the stomach. Choice A is incorrect because certain foods can indeed trigger or worsen GERD symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as sleeping on the left side may worsen symptoms due to the position of the stomach. Choice C is incorrect as eating right before bed can increase the risk of acid reflux.
Gastric secretion composed of all of the following Except:
- A. HCL.
- B. IF.
- C. Mucous.
- D. Amylase.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amylase. Gastric secretion does not contain amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands to break down carbohydrates. In the stomach, gastric secretions mainly consist of hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion, intrinsic factor (IF) for vitamin B12 absorption, and mucous to protect the stomach lining. Therefore, amylase is not a component of gastric secretion.
A patient has been receiving high doses of corticosteroids for an extended perioWhich side effect is most commonly seen in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Decreased appetite
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperglycemia. Long-term corticosteroid therapy can lead to insulin resistance and increased blood glucose levels. This occurs due to the corticosteroids interfering with insulin action and glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia is a common side effect that can potentially lead to diabetes. Bradycardia (B), diarrhea (C), and decreased appetite (D) are not commonly associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy. Bradycardia is more commonly associated with medications such as beta-blockers, while diarrhea and decreased appetite are not typical side effects of corticosteroids.