Nokea
What statement accurately describes gene therapy?
- A. May activate a mutated gene that is functioning improperly.
- B. Is a risky technique under study for genetic diseases with no cure.
- C. Is frequently done by replacing a healthy gene with a mutated gene.
- D. Introduces a new gene into reproductive cells to help fight a genetic disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gene therapy remains experimental and involves risks, aiming to treat genetic diseases by altering or replacing defective genes.
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A male client is suspected of an immune system disorder. Which of the following important factors will the nurse document while assessing the client?
- A. The client’s diet
- B. The client’s drug history
- C. The client’s ability to produce antibodies
- D. The client’s family members’ history of chronic diseases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client’s drug history is crucial as certain medications can affect immune function or mimic immune disorders.
What does the mechanism of chemotaxis accomplish?
- A. Causes the transformation of monocytes into macrophages
- B. Involves a pathway of chemical processes resulting in cellular lysis
- C. Attracts the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes to an area of injury
- D. Slows the blood flow in a damaged area, allowing migration of leukocytes into tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotaxis is the process by which immune cells such as neutrophils and monocytes are attracted to the site of injury or infection through chemical signals. These signals guide the cells to areas where they are needed most.
Which of the following concerned with Leishmania is NOT true
- A. Meditated by IgE
- B. Is a unicellular parasite
- C. Activation of macrophages is essential for killing the parasite
- D. Escapes host immune attack by hiding inside neutrophils
Correct Answer: a
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mediated by IgE. Leishmania infection is not primarily mediated by IgE antibodies. The immune response against Leishmania involves T cells, macrophages, and cytokines. IgE is not a major player in the defense against Leishmania. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Leishmania is indeed a unicellular parasite, activation of macrophages is essential for killing the parasite, and Leishmania can hide inside neutrophils to escape the host immune attack.
The most abundant class of antibodies produced during a primary immune response is
- A. IgM
- B. IgE
- C. IgA
- D. IgG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgM. During a primary immune response, IgM antibodies are the first class produced by plasma cells. IgM is the largest antibody and is effective at agglutinating pathogens. It is later followed by IgG production. IgE is involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, not typically produced in large amounts during a primary response. IgA is more abundant in mucosal tissues and secretions.
A patient identified as HIV antibody–positive 1 year ago manifests acute HIV infection but does not want to start antiretroviral therapy at this time. What is an appropriate nursing intervention for the patient at this stage of illness?
- A. Assist with end-of-life issues
- B. Provide care during acute exacerbations
- C. Provide physical care for chronic diseases
- D. Teach the patient about immune enhancement
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immune enhancement strategies, such as nutrition and stress reduction, can help maintain health until the patient decides to initiate ART.